home
***
CD-ROM
|
disk
|
FTP
|
other
***
search
/
Ian & Stuart's Australian Mac: Not for Sale
/
Another.not.for.sale (Australia).iso
/
fade into you
/
access
/
Access-nonUS
< prev
next >
Wrap
Text File
|
1993-09-13
|
191KB
|
4,574 lines
host: ftp.nisc.sri.com
directory: netinfo
file: internet-access-providers-non-us.txt
date: December 1992
* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *
This file is Chapter 6 (formerly Chapter 7) of the book "Internet:
Getting Started," a book that tells what the Internet is and how to
join it. "Internet: Getting Started" will be published by Prentice-Hall
and available in bookstores in early Spring 1993.
* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *
CHAPTER 6
NON-U.S. SITES
The Internet, having originated in the United States,
is not surprisingly strongest and most diverse in that
country. However, the Internet is a worldwide
enterprise and there are many networks in many
countries that are full and active Internet
participants. Larry Landweber of the University of
Wisconsin maintains a file describing international
connectivity that covers not only IP connectivity, but
BITNET, UUCP, FidoNet, and OSI connectivity as well.
According to the August 31, 1992 version of this file,
there are 109 entities (mostly countries) with
international connectivity. This file is included in
Appendix VIII.
This chapter describes some of these networks. These
descriptions are provided so that if you are in one of
these countries and would like to connect to the
Internet, you can contact the resource listed for your
country and get started.
However, what if you are in a country that is not
listed here? How would you go about joining the
Internet? This can be a challenge if there is
currently no Internet presence in your country, but
here are some ideas about how to get started.
First, determine whether the top-level domain for your
country has been delegated by the DDN Network
Information Center. That is, does the DDN NIC list an
administrative contact for that domain? You can find
this out by contacting the DDN NIC:
Network Solutions, Inc.
Attn: Network Information Center
14200 Park Meadow Drive
Suite 200
Chantilly, VA 22021
800 365 3642
+1 703 802 4535
FAX: +1 703 802 8376
hostmaster@nic.ddn.mil
If the DDN NIC does list someone, contact that person.
He or she is probably knowledgeable about networking in
your country and can help you get started. You will
need to register your domain name with him as well.
If your country's domain has not been delegated, there
is probably no connection to the Internet based on the
TCP/IP protocols. However, there may be at least
electronic mail access based on other protocols. You
may wish to check books that have lists of networks.
For example, !%@:: A Directory of Electronic Mail
Addressing and Networks by Donnalyn Frey and Rick Adams
[1], The Matrix by John Quarterman [2], and Users'
Directory of Computer Networks by Tracy LaQuey [4] have
network listings that are much more extensive than
those provided here. In addition, there are a couple
of newsletters that often discuss the international
aspects of networking. One is the Internet Society
News [5], whose first volume was issued in January
1992; another is Matrix News [6], offered by Matrix
Information and Directory Services, Inc. More
information about each of these newsletters can be
found in Chapter 12.
If you can find no established networking presence in
your country, you will have to start from scratch by
contacting possible providers and seeing what they can
do for you. Some good places to start are:
- The commercial service providers listed in
Chapter 4. As they are in the business of
providing Internet connections, they are very
motivated to help. Some of them already have
connections from the U.S. to other countries.
These particular providers are repeated in
Section 6.39. However, some of their
non-U.S. connections may be due to special
project affiliations or some other
arrangement that might make it difficult for
these sites to help some other organization
even within the same country to join the
Internet.
- The NSF Network Service Center (NNSC) (see
Section 10.5.2). The NNSC is very
knowledgeable about connections to the
Internet from other countries and can be
helpful in suggesting contacts or strategies.
- The BITNET Network Information Center
(BITNIC) (see Section 10.5.4). Although
BITNET access is not full Internet access, it
can be used for electronic mail. BITNET has
a strong sister network in Europe called EARN
(see Section 6.1.1.2).
- In Europe, the RIPE Network Coordination
Center (NCC) supports the network providers
in the member countries. They may know of
some activity in IP networking in your area
and be able to refer you to a local contact
(see Section 6.1.1.6).
The following sections provide information about
specific countries or areas. We are grateful to the
contacts in these countries who have supplied this
information for us. If you are a provider of Internet
access in your country and do not see your information
reflected in the following sections, please feel free
to send it to us at SRI via the contact information
provided in the Overview. Most notably we regret the
comparative lack of information regarding networking
activities in South America and Africa. The
newsletters mentioned above are a good source of
current information for networking in these, as well as
other, areas.
6.1. Europe
Internetworking in Europe is quite strong in many
countries--in many more countries, in fact, than we
include here. As mentioned in the introduction to this
chapter, there are several books whose purpose it is to
list networks, but that is not the primary purpose of
this book. If you cannot gain access to any of the
books mentioned, a network information center (such as
the NNSC or SRI NISC) can provide information for you
about what they contain.
Europe is the home of the OSI protocols, so networking
based on these protocols is much more extensive there
than in the U.S. Networking based on TCP/IP, however,
is also strong, as shown by the influence of the RIPE
group (see Section 10.1.6). In addition, the goal of
communicating between networks based on each of these
suites of protocols is given very high priority in
Europe.
However, in some individual countries, there is some
conflict between which suite of protocols should be
used for national networking. There may also be some
uncertainty regarding which agency or site will
coordinate a national networking effort. This makes it
more confusing both for those trying to gain access to
the network world and for those trying to ascertain
service provider referrals.
This section provides two general types of information.
First, several groups are working in Europe at
coordinating networking efforts in individual countries
into internets that serve larger areas. These groups
are introduced in the following subsections. Second,
thanks to input from the RARE Information Services and
User Support Working Group (ISUS), we list contacts in
Section 6.1.2 for many European networks taken from the
first RARE Technical Report. This section includes
contacts for some networks about which we have more
extensive information elsewhere in this Chapter, as
well as contacts for some networks for which we have
yet not gathered further descriptions.
6.1.1. Pan-European Cooperation
There are several efforts being made toward uniting
networking efforts in individual countries into a
pan-European cooperation. EUnet currently provides a
framework for uniting many national networks. The
EBONE project is a new effort at a pan-European,
multi-protocol backbone. In addition, the EARN and
HEPnet networks have existed across Europe for some
time. The RIPE Network Coordination Center is a
relatively new group tasked to provide support to the
RIPE member networks. Each of these widespread
European efforts is described briefly in this
subsection. However, as yet, there is no one
organization we can point to if you are in a country
not listed here and wish to join the Internet.
6.1.1.1. EUnet
SRI thanks Alessandro Berni for forwarding this
information about EUnet.
EUnet is the largest subscription-funded
research-oriented network in Europe, serving users from
Iceland to Russia, and as far South as Tunisia.
Operating since 1982, EUnet connects over four thousand
sites and networks, with gateways to major research
networks around the world including NSFnet and the
Internet.
EUnet is constituted as a service by and for the
members of EurOpen, the European Forum for Open
Systems. Founded in 1977, EurOpen is a non-profit
association of Open Systems users, organized into
National User Groups in Europe and beyond. At present
EurOpen has more than 6000 members. The close
association of EUnet with EurOpen provides a continuing
source of user input.
EUnet is a pan-European cooperative network made up of
national networks located across Europe. Each EUnet
National Network (or NalNet) operates in conjunction
with their respective national EurOpen User Group.
Each NalNet operates its own National Network
Operations Center (National NOC), which provides user
support in the local languages. Technical problems and
requests for services at the national level should be
addressed to postmaster@<country>.eu.net. Many NalNets
provide unique services. Please contact your NalNet
for additional information.
Each EUnet NalNet connects to the European Network
Operations Center (or NOC) in Amsterdam. From
Amsterdam, EUnet connects to every major R & D network
in Europe, and, via a 128kb leased line, to UUNET and
the NSFNET in the United States. Technical problems at
the European level should be addressed to
postmaster@eu.net. Users interested in information on
how to obtain an EUnet subscription should contact
glenn@eu.net or their National EUnet Network.
EUnet services include electronic mail, network news,
InterEUnet (TCP/IP based networking services), UUCP,
the EUnet Archive, and user support services.
EUnet connects to every major research network in
Europe, and most research networks around the world.
Peer international networks include EARN, HEPnet,
NORDUnet, NSFNET. EUnet is also a member of EBONE
(European Backbone), and the Commercial Internet
Exchange (CIX) Association. Several EUnet NalNets are
users of IXI, the X.25 service.
EUnet has a social-technical mission to provide
services to a wide range of users, from the one-person
software development organizations to research centers
of large, multinational corporations. EUnet has a
special focus on helping to make networking available
to as many members of the R & D community, in as many
countries, as is possible. Accordingly, should EUnet
develop a budgetary surplus, it is to be used for
grants to networks in developing countries.
For more information about EUnet, contact:
EUnet
c/o NIKHEF
Postbus 41882
1009 DB Amsterdam
NETHERLANDS
glenn@eu.net
+31 20 592 5109
FAX: +31 20 592 5155
6.1.1.2. EARN
We would like to acknowledge and thank Nadine Grange of
the EARN Office in France for the following
information.
EARN, the European Academic Research Network, is the
first general purpose computer network dedicated to
universities and research institutions throughout
Europe, the Middle East and Africa.
The network is widely used for scientific, educational,
academic and research purposes. Commercial and
political use is not allowed, either directly or
indirectly.
EARN is made up of nearly 500 institutions including
universities, European research centers (e.g., CERN,
the European Space Agency, and the European Molecular
Biology Laboratory), and national research centers and
laboratories such as CNRS (France); Rutherford Appleton
Laboratory (UK); CNR, INFN, and CINECA (Italy); DESY,
GSI, DFLVR and the Max Planck Institute (Germany).
EARN also has links to 27 countries including
Yugoslavia, Turkey, Algeria, Morocco, Tunisia, and
Egypt, Iceland, and Luxembourg, to name a few.
EARN is an integral part of BITNET (see Section 1.5.4),
in that it is based on the same protocols and shares
the same name space. Through BITNET, EARN members have
access to equivalent facilities in Argentina, Brazil,
Canada, Chile, Japan, South Korea, Mexico, Singapore,
Taiwan and the United States.
Most of the academic networks in the world can be
accessed through EARN including EUnet, HEPnet, NSFNET,
national European networks such as DFN in Germany and
JANET in the UK, as well as a regional European Network
such as NORDUnet, which links all the Nordic countries
(see Section 6.28).
One of EARN's major objectives is to stimulate
cooperative research, support the day-to-day exchange
of research information, and the execution of joint
projects and publications. Like BITNET, EARN supports
mail, mailing lists, and a type of file transfer. It
provides the LISTSERV mailing list function. Its
facilities also allow users access to remote
applications, databases, and libraries.
EARN is also an international member of RARE (Reseaux
Associes pour la Recherche Europeenne) and cooperates
actively with RARE and COSINE (Cooperation for Open
Systems Interconnection Networking in Europe) on OSI
for the research community. RARE and COSINE are more
fully described in Sections 10.1.5 and 10.1.7.
For information about access to EARN, how to become a
member organization or member country, or any other
general information, contact your country's EARN
representative or:
European Academic Research Network
BP 167
F-91403 Orsay CEDEX
FRANCE
BITNET/EARN/NetNorth: grange@frors12
Internet: grange%frors12.bitnet@mitvma.mit.edu
+33 1 69 82 39 73
FAX: +33 1 69 28 52 73
6.1.1.3. HEPnet
HEPnet is a worldwide network used by researchers in
the field of High Energy Physics; however, the European
portion of the network is very prominent. It is
mentioned here because HEPnet was one of the first
pan-European internets. In Europe, HEPnet is
coordinated by a committee chaired by a CERN
(Organisation Europeenne pour la Recherche Nuclearie)
representative.
For information about HEPnet, contact:
Denise Heagerty
DD Division
CERN
CH-1211 Geneve 23
SWITZERLAND
denise@priam.cern
denise%priam.cern@cwl.nl
+41 022 83 49 75
TELEX: 419000 CER CH
6.1.1.4. EBONE
EBONE (E1 Backbone) is an effort aimed at filling the
need for a well-managed pan-European multi-protocol
backbone service in Europe. An initial meeting to
delineate the technical and operational aspects of such
a backbone was held in September 1991, so this effort
is very new. An EBONE task force has recommended a
two-step approach to implementing this backbone:
- During 1992, create a kernel backbone by
combining and enhancing existing facilities.
- In 1993, merge the 92 backbone into the
planned RARE Operational Unit.
The target group for EBONE is all the national and
international networks and international research
institutions that provide network services for users at
higher education and research sites. In principal, the
EBONE will have no restrictions on traffic. It will be
up to participating networks to restrict traffic
according to their own norms.
In September 1992, it was announced that the the final
link of the initially defined EBONE, the
London-Montpellier link, was put in place. The EBONE
is now complete as a resilient pan-European IP
backbone.
The RARE Secretariat has the responsibility for
maintaining information regarding EBONE. They are the
contact point for organizations planning to contribute
and/or connect to the EBONE.
RARE Secretariat
Singel 466-468
NL-1017 AW
AMSTERDAM
+31 20 639 1131
FAX: +31 20 639 3289
raresec@rare.nl
6.1.1.5. RARE
RARE, the Reseaux Associes pour la Recherche
Europeenne, is described more fully in Section 10.1.5,
but briefly it is an association of European networking
organizations. Its purpose is to promote network
services for the European research community, and
especially to promote international interconnections of
such services. Please also refer to Section 10.1.6 for
information regarding the RARE-sponsored organization
RIPE (see Section 10.1.6).
For more information, contact:
RARE Secretariat
Singel 466-468
NL-1017 AW
AMSTERDAM
+31 20 639 1131
FAX: +31 20 639 3289
raresec@rare.nl
6.1.1.6. The RIPE Network Coordination Center (NCC)
The RIPE NCC began operation on April 1, 1992 with the
mission of supporting the networking organizations that
cooperate in RIPE (see Section 10.1.6 for information
about RIPE). The RIPE Network Coordination Center (NCC)
supports all those RIPE activities that cannot be
effectively performed by volunteers from the
participating organizations. Besides supporting RIPE
activities in general, the NCC provides the following
services to network operators:
- Network Management Database containing
information about IP networks, DNS domains,
IP routing policies, and contact information
- Delegated Internet registry, a clearing house
distributing IP network numbers
- Coordinated network statistics gathering
- Domain Name System (DNS) coordination
- Graphical maps of IP networks (planned)
- Repository for network operations software
- RIPE document store
- Interactive information service
The RIPE NCC provides services to the networking
organizations that cooperate in RIPE. It does not
provide direct services to end users.
The RIPE NCC currently has 3 permanent staff members.
The RARE association provides the formal framework for
the NCC. Funding for the first year of operation of
the NCC is provided by the national members of RARE and
EARN.
The RIPE NCC will function as a "Delegated Registry"
for IP addresses in Europe, as anticipated and defined
in RFC 1174. The NCC keeps the registry of IP
(Internet Protocol) numbers and AS (Autonomous System)
numbers for the RIPE member organizations. This will
mean that the NCC allocates blocks of numbers to local
registrars in Europe. It remains the responsibility of
the NCC to collect information regarding how the local
registrars allocate IP addresses and make such
information available globally. The local registries
are set up by RIPE member organizations as appropriate.
Particular requests that can not be handled by local
registries will be handled by the NCC.
To contact the RIPE NCC:
RIPE NCC
c/o NIKHEF
Kruislaan 409
NL-1098 SJ Amsterdam
THE NETHERLANDS
+31 20 592 5065
FAX: +31 20 592 5155
ncc@ripe.net
6.1.2. European Network Contacts List
We are indebted to the RARE Information Services and
User Support Working Group for the information
contained in this section. It is taken from RARE
Technical Report 1, User Support and Information
Services In Europe: A Status Report [32]. This report
aims to provide guidance regarding the numerous
networks and the information found on them,
specifically focusing on the answer to the questions
"Who should I ask about a network?" and "Where can I
find the 'signposts' to this information?" It is an
excellent introduction to networking efforts in Europe,
from which we have extracted only contact information
to help you get started. The document also contains
information about what services each network offers and
how they may be accessed, as well as information about
how the survey was conducted and background information
about RARE, the Information Services and User Support
working group, and various network servers from which
information can be obtained online.
To obtain this document, send a message to the Mailbase
server. The address is mailbase@mailbase.ac.uk. In
X.400 format, the address is C=gb; ADMD= ; PRMD=uk.ac;
O=mailbase; S=mailbase;. In the text of your message,
type send rare-wg3-usis rtr-usis-92.
Some of these contacts are repeated in information
elsewhere in this chapter, with more extensive
descriptions of their networks. They are included
again for completeness in representing the RARE
information. The other contacts are included as a
starting point for people in their countries, even
though we have not yet collected more extensive
descriptions of their networks.
Contacts for the networks reported on in the RARE WG3
Technical Report are listed next. For each network
listed, entries follow this format:
Network Name
Contact person(s)
Postal address
Telephone number
E-Mail address in RFC 822 format
E-Mail address in X.400 format
Austria
ACONET
Austrian Scientific Data Network
Florian Schnabel
ACONET-Verein
Gusshausstrasse 25
A-1040 Wien
AUSTRIA
+43 222 58801 3605
schnabel@edvz.tu-graz.ada.at
schnabel@fstgss01.tu-graz.ac.at
C=at; ADMD=ada; PRMD=tu-graz; O=edvz; S=schnabel
Belgium
Future Belgian National Academic Network
P. Van Binst
R. Vandenbroucke
ULB
CP 230, Bd du Triomphe
1050 Bruxelles
BELGIUM
+32 2 641 32 11
vanbinst@helios.iihe.rtt.be
C=be; ADMD=rtt; PRMD=iihe; O=helios; S=vanbinst;
Denmark
DENet
Jan.P.Sorensen
Jan.P.Sorensen@uni-c.dk
Building 305, DTH, DK-2800, Lyngby
DENMARK
+45 45 93 83 55
C=dk; ADMD=DENET; O=UNI-C; OU=NET; S=SORENSEN;
France (EARN)
EARN-France
Dominique Dumas
950 re de St. Priest
F-34000 Montpellier
FRANCE
+33 67 14 14 14
BITNET: bruch@frmop11
Internet: bruch@frmop53.cnusc.fr
RED400
Serge Aumont
CICB
Campus de Beaulieu
35042 Rennes
FRANCE
or
Paul-Andre Pays
INRIA
Domaine De Voluceau
Rocquencourt
BP 105
78150 Le Chesnay Cedex
FRANCE
+33 1 39 63 54 58
contact-red@cicb.fr
C=FR; ADMD=atlas; PRMD=cicb; S=contact-red;
Germany
DFN/WIN
DFN-Verein
Pariser Str. 44
D-1000 Berlin 15
GERMANY
+49 30 88 42 99 20
dfn-verein@dfn.dbp.de
C=de; ADMD=dbp; PRMD=dfn; S=dfn-verein;
Greece
ARIADNE
Yannis Corovesis
NRCPS Demokritos, 153 10 Athens
GREECE
+30 1 6513392
ycor@isosun.ariadne-t.gr
C=gr; ADMD= ; PRMD=ariadne-t; OU=iosun;
S=corovesis; G=yannis;
Hungary
HUNGARNET
Istvan Tetenyi
Computer and Automation Institute
H-1132 Budapest
18-22 Victory Hugo
HUNGARY
+36 11497352
postmaster@ella.hu
Iceland
ISnet
Marius Olafsson
c/o SURIS
University of Iceland
Dunhaga 5
107 Reykjavik
ICELAND
+354 1 694747
marius@rhi.hi.is
C=is; ADMD=0; PRMD=isaneet; O=hi; OU=rhi; S=marius
Ireland
HEANET
Higher Education Authority Network
Peter Flynn
Computer Centre, University College,
Cork IRELAND
+353 21 276871 x2609
cbts8001@iruccvax.ucc.ie
Italy
GARR Gianfranco Turso
Tecnoplois CSATA Novus Ortus
SP. Casamassima Km. 3
I-70010 Valenzano (BA)
ITALY
+39 80 877011 Gianfranco Turso
turso@vm.csata.it
Luxembourg
RESTENA
Antoine Barthel
6 Rue Coudenhove Kalergi
L-1359 Luxembourg
+352 424409
admin@restena.lu
C=lu; ADMD=pt; PRMD=restena; O=restena; S=admin
The Netherlands
SURFnet
Maria Heijne
P.O.Box 19035
3501 DA Utrecht,
THE NETHERLANDS
+31 30310290
info@surfnet.nl
C=nl; ADMD=400net; PRMD=surf; O=surfnet; S=info;
Norway
UNINETT
Petter Kongshaug
SINTEF DELAB
7034 Trondheim
NORWAY
+47 7 592980
Petter.Kongshaug@delab.sintef.no
C=no; ADMD= ; PRMD=uninett; O=sintef; OU=delab;
S=kongshaug; G=petter;
Portugal
RCCN Vasco Freitas
Dr. Vasco Freitas
CCES
Universidade do Minho
Largo do Paco
P-4719 Braga Codex
PORTUGAL
+351 53 612257
vf@ce.fccn.pt
C=pt; ADMD= ; PRMD=fccn; O=ce; S=Freitas; G=Vasco;
Slovenia
ARNES
Marko Bonac
ARNES Network
Jamova 39, Ljubljana
SLOVENIA
+38 61 159199
bonac@ijs.si
C=si; ADMD=mail; PRMD=ac; O=ijs; S=bonac
Spain
RedIRIS
Fundesco/RedIRIS
Alcala, 61
E-28014 Madrid
SPAIN
+34 1 4351214
info@iris-dcp.es
C=ES; ADMD=mensatex; PRMD=iris; O=iris-dcp;
S=info;
Sweden
SUNET
Anders Gillner
KTH,100 44, Stockholm
SWEDEN
+46 8 7906502
postmaster@sunic.sunet.se
Switzerland
SWITCH
Thomas Lenggenhager
SWITCH Head Office
Limmatquai 138
CH-8001 Zuerich
SWITZERLAND
+41 1 261 8178
postmaster@switch.ch
C=CH; ADMD=arCom; PRMD=SWITCH; O=SWITCH;
S=postmaster;
Turkey
TUVAKA
Esra Delen
Ege Universitesi
Bilgisayar Arastirma ve Uygulama Merkezi
Bornova, Izmir 35100
TURKEY
+90 51 887228
Esra@ege.edu.tr
Esra@trearn.bitnet
United Kingdom
JANET
Joint Academic Network
JANET Liaison Desk
c/o Rutherford Appleton Laboratory
Chilton
Didcot
Oxon
OX11 OQX
UNITED KINGDOM
+44 235 5517
JANET-LIAISON-DESK@jnt.ac.uk
O=GB; ADMD= ; PRMD=uk.ac; O=jnt;
G=JANET-LIAISON-DESK;
Regional Networks
Both NORDUnet and YUNAC are discussed more fully
elsewhere in this chapter.
NORDUnet
Peter Villemoes
UNI-C,
Build. 305, DTH
DK-2800 Lyngby
DENMARK
+45 45 938355
Peter.Villemoes@uni-c.dk
YUNAC
Avgust Jauk
Jozef Stefan Institute
Jamova 39, Ljubljana,
SLOVENIA
+38 61 159199
postmaster@ijs.ac.mail.yu
C=yu; ADMD=mail; PRMD=ac; O=ijs; S=postmaster
6.1.3. Eastern and Central Europe
The following information is taken from a report by
Milan Sterba published as Ripe 74, Version 5, November
1992 [33]. At the time of this writing, it was
available from host ftp.ripe.net as
ripe/docs/ripe-drafts/ripe-draft-ece.v5.txt. The
report in more complete than the information we include
here. Again, we are primarily concerned with providing
contacts from whom you can gain more detailed
information. Some of the countries mentioned in this
section may be listed elsewhere in the chapter as well.
The report begins by noting that "considerable progress
has been made during the last year in IP connectivity
of ECE [Eastern and Central European] countries." He
notes that all connected countries have rapidly
challenged the initial capacity of their international
lines and are seeking to upgrade the existing lines and
establish fallback solutions.
"All the countries considered have at the present time
some (often more than one) connection to international
networks. Certain countries have only a dial-up e-mail
connectivity, others have low or medium speed leased
lines."
In this section, for each country discussed, we
reproduce the points of contact given in the report.
Albania
Maksim Raco Francesco Gennai
maksi@dinf.uniti.al francesco.gennai@cnuce.cnr.it
University of Tirana CNUCE, Pisa, Italy
Estonia
Ants Work ants@ioc.ew.su
Institute of Cybernetics, Tallinn
Latvia
Guntis Barzdins Ugis Berzins
gbarzdin@cs.lu.riga.lv ugis@fidogate.riga.lv
BaltNet BaltNet
Sergei Rotanov Sergey Dmitrijev
rotanov@lumii.lat.su dmit@lynx.riga.lv
Institute of Electronics JET (RELCOM Riga)
Lithuania
Laimutis Telksnys Algirdas Pakstas
telksnys@ma-mii.lt.su Algirdas.Pakstas@idt.unit.no
Institute for Mathematics, Institute for Mathematics,
Vilnius Vilnius
Bulgaria
Daniel Kalchev Anton Velichkov
daniel@danbo.bg vam@bgearn.bitnet
EUnet backbone manager BG EARN president for Bulgaria
and contact for top
level domain BG
Alexander Simeonov
sasho@bgearn.bitnet
Center for Informatics, Sofia
Commonwealth of Independent States
Valery Bardin Misha Popov
fox@ussr.eu.net popov@hq.demos.su
EUnet - RELCOM EUnet - RELCOM Demos
Andrej Mendkovich Nickolay M.Saukh
mend@suearn2.bitnet nms@ussr.eu.net
CIS EARN director EUnet - RELCOM
Igor Sviridov Oleg Tabarovsky
sia%lot.cs.kiev.ua@relay.ussr.eu.net olg@ussr.eu.net
EUnet - Ukraine contact EUnet - RELCOM
Dima Volodin
dvv@hq.demos.su
EUnet - RELCOM Demos
Czechoslovakia
Jaroslav Bobovsky Gejza Buechler
bobovsky@csearn.bitnet gejza@mff.uniba.cs
SANET EUnet backbone manager CS
Karol Fabian Jan Gruntorad
Karol.Fabian@uakom.cs tkjg@csearn.bitnet
SANET EARN director for Czechoslovakia
and CESNET coordinator
Vladimir Kassa Jiri Orsag
kassa@iaccs.cs ors@vscht.cs
SANET CS NIC and EUnet Prague
Peter Pronay Pavel Rosendorf
peter@mff.uniba.cs prf@csearn.bitnet
President of EUnet Czechoslovakia Contact for CS top level domain
Ivo Smejkal Milan Sterba
ivo@vse.cs Milan.Sterba@vse.cs
CESNET - user services Author of this report, CESNET
Hungary
Peter Bakonyi Laszlo Csaba
h25bak@ella.hu ib006csa@huearn.bitnet
President of IIF Exec Com. EARN director for Hungary
Piroska Giese Nandor Horvath
giese@rmk530.rmki.kfki.hu horvath@sztaki.hu
HEPnet EUnet backbone manager,
domain contact for HU
Balazs Martos Ferenc Telbisz
martos@sztaki.hu telbisz@iif.kfki.hu
HBONE project manager HEPnet
Istvan Tetenyi Geza Turchanyi
ib006tet@huearn.bitnet h2064tur@ella.hu
EARN deputy director HUNGARNET CRIP
Laszlo Zombory
h340zom@ella.hu
EARN president, chairman of HUNINET
Poland
Daniel J.Bem Jerzy Gorazinski
bem@plwrtu11.bitnet Gorazi@plearn.bitnet
Polish academic network (NASK) Polish State Committee for
Scientific Research
Krzystof Heller Tomasz Hofmokl
uiheller@plkrcy11.bitnet fdl50@plearn.bitnet
Contact for PL domain EARN director for Poland
Rafal Pietrak Jerzy Zenkiewicz
rafal@fuw.edu.pl jezenk@pltumk.bitnet
IP within NASK Polish academic network (NASK)
Andrzej Zienkiewicz
osk03@plearn.bitnet
Polish academic network (NASK)
Romania
Florin Paunescu Paul Dan Cristea
florin@imag.fr pdcristea@pi-bucuresti.th-darmstadt.de
National Council for Informatics Polytechnic Inst. of Bucharest
Slovenia
Leon Mlakar Borka Jerman-Blazic
leon@ninurta.fer.si jerman-blazic@ijs.si
EUnet backbone manager YU
Marko Bonac Denis Trcek
marko.bonac@ijs.si denis.trcek@ijs.si
ARNES Executive Director ARNES
Serbia and Montenegro
Jagos Puric
xpmfd01@yubgss21.bitnet
EARN director for YU
Macedonia
Marjan Gusev Aspazija Hadzisce
pmfmarj%nubsk@uni-lj.ac.mail.yu rkntriasp%nubsk@uni-lj.ac.mail.yu
or gusev@lut.ac.uk Ministery for Science and Tech.,
Faculty for Natural Sciences, Skopje
Gazibaba, Skopje
6.2. Canada
UUNET Canada
UUNET Canada serves all of Canada and offers
international connectivity to the Internet via UUCP,
Telnet, IP connections, and a corporate WAN service.
This provider offers all the AlterNet services as well.
It is a member of the CIX, and serves both the research
and commercial communities.
For more information about UUNET Canada, contact:
UUNET Canada Inc.
1 Yonge Street
Suite 1801
Toronto, Ontario
M5E 1W7
CANADA
+1 416 368 6621
FAX: +1 416 369 0515
info@uunet.ca
CA*net
SRI thanks Eugene Siciunas of the University of Toronto
for much of the information we present about CA*net.
Canada began implementation of its national research
and academic network, called CA*net, in the summer of
1990. It is intended to interconnect the existing and
emerging Canadian regional networks, and thereby to
support data communications related to the research,
academic, and technology transfer needs of Canada.
Following is information about CA*net and its ten
member regional networks.
CA*net
CA*net Information Centre
Computing Services
University of Toronto
4 Bancroft Ave., Rm 116
Toronto, Ontario
CANADA, M5S 1A1
Attn: Eugene Siciunas
416 978 5058
FAX: 416 978 6620
info@CAnet.ca
eugene@vm.utcs.utoronto.ca
Quebec
RISQ Reseau Interordinateurs Scientifique Quebecois
Centre de Recherche Informatique de Montreal
(CRIM)
3744, Jean-Brillant, Suite 500
Montreal, Quebec
CANADA, H3T 1P1
Attn: Bernard Turcotte
514 340 5700
FAX: 514 340 5777
turcotte@crim.ca
Ontario
ONet ONet Computing Services
University of Toronto
4 Bancroft Avenue, Rm 116
Toronto, Ontario,
CANADA, M5S 1A1
Attn: Eugene Siciunas
416 978 5058
FAX: 416 978 6620
eugene@vm.utcs.utoronto.ca
Manitoba
MBnet
Director, Computing Services
University of Manitoba
603 Engineering Building
Winnipeg, Manitoba
CANADA, R3T 2N2
Attn: Gerry Miller
204 474 8230
FAX: 204 275 5420
miller@ccm.UManitoba.ca
Saskatchewan
SASK#net
Computing Services
56 Physics
University of Saskatchewan
Saskatoon, Saskatchewan
CANADA, S7N 0W0
Dean Jones
306 966 4860
FAX: 306 966 4938
jonesdc@admin.usask.ca
Alberta
ARnet
Alberta Research Network
Director of Information Systems
Alberta Research Council
Box 8330, Station F
Edmonton, Alberta
CANADA, T6H 5X2
Attn: Walter Neilson
403 450 5188
FAX: 403 461 2651
neilson@TITAN.arc.ab.ca
British Columbia
BCnet
BCnet Headquarters
Room 419 - 6356 Agricultural Road
University of British Columbia
Vancouver, B.C.
CANADA, V6T 1W5
Attn: Mike Patterson
604 822 3932
FAX: 604 822 5116
Mike_Patterson@mtsg.ubc.ca
Newfoundland
NLnet
Newfoundland and Labrador Network
Director, Computing and Communications
Memorial University of Newfoundland
St. John's, Newfoundland
CANADA, A1C 5S7
Attn: Wilf Bussey
709 737 8329
FAX: 709 737 4569
wilf@kean.ucs.mun.ca
Nova Scotia
NSTN Nova Scotia Technology Network
General Manager, NSTN Inc.
900 Windmill Road, Suite 107
Dartmouth, Nova Scotia
CANADA, B3B 1P7
Attn: Mike Martineau
902 468 6786
FAX: 902 468 3679
martinea@hawk.nstn.ns.ca
Prince Edward Island
Prince Edward Island Network
University of Prince Edward Island
Computer Services
550 University Avenue
Charlottetown, P.E.I.
CANADA, C1A 4P3
Attn: Jim Hancock
902 566 0450
FAX: 902 566 0958
hancock@upei.ca
New Brunswick
NBnet
Director, Computing Services
University of New Brunswick
Fredericton, New Brunswick
CANADA, E3B 5A3
Attn: David Macneil
506 453 4573
FAX: 506 453 3590
DGM@unb.ca
In addition, Mr. John Demco of the Computer Science
Department of the University of British Columbia acts
as the registrar for the CA domain (CA is the ISO 3166
two-letter country code designation for Canada). Mr.
Demco can provide information to those sites interested
in becoming a subdomain of CA.
For those already connected to the Internet, online
information is available by anonymous FTP from host
ftp.cdnnet.ca in the ca-domain directory. Included is
an introduction to the domain, an application form,
several indices, and a registration file for each
organizational subdomain. The information is also
available via e-mail from the archive server at
archive-server@cdnnet.ca.
If you're not connected, but would like additional
information about the CA domain or sites currently
registered under CA contact:
John Demco
Computer Science Dept.
University of British Columbia
Vancouver, B.C.
CANADA V6T 1Z2
demco@cs.ubc.ca
604 822 6724
FAX: 604 822 5485
6.3. Australia
connect.com.au Pty Ltd.
connect.com.au Pty Ltd. provides local access to users
in Melbourne and Sidney. Some of the services provided
include SLIP, PPP, ISDN, UUCP, ftp, Telnet, NTP, and
FTPmail. For further information contact:
connect.com.au Pty Ltd.
29 Fitzgibbon Crescent
Caufield, Victoria 3161
AUSTRALIA
+61 3 5282239
FAX: +1 61 3 5285887
connect@connect.com.au
AARNet
The Australian Academic and Research Network (AARNet)
is a multi-protocol national network serving the
Australian academic and research community. Our thanks
to Geoff Huston for providing this information.
The network provides Internet services to the national
academic and research sector as it's primary objective,
and also provides Internet services to any other
organization with compatible interests to this sector
on a fee for service basis.
AARNet was commissioned in May 1990, and currently uses
2 megabit capacity links across the major trunk routes
interconnecting Adelaide, Melbourne, Canberra, Sydney
and Brisbane.
AARNet is connected to the U.S. Internet via a
dedicated 512 kbps circuit to the United States, and
Papua New Guinea and Thailand.
TCP/IP is the major supported protocol within AARNet. A
national DECnet Phase IV network is supported, but it
should be noted that there is no DECnet interconnection
between this DECnet network and the HEP/SPAN DECnet.
X.25 is also supported on a regional basis, and an
interconnection to the public X.400 mail service is
also supported.
Further information regarding AARNet (including maps, a
more detailed description of the network, a list of
connected institutions and organizations and an
Australian network resource guide) is available via
anonymous ftp from the host aarnet.edu.au. The
Australian resource guide is also published in the
Internet as a WAIS service. The guide itself is
maintained by Geoff Huston, G.Huston@aarnet.edu.au.
For additional information regarding AARNet contact:
Geoff Huston
The Australian Academic and Research Network
GPO Box 1142
Canberra ACT 2601
AUSTRALIA
+61 6 249 3385
G.Huston@aarnet.edu.au
6.4. Czechoslovakia
SRI thanks Pavel Rosendorf for providing this
information.
In Czechoslovakia, public X.25 networking services have
been provided by the PTT only very recently, so the
majority of connections are dial-up lines. There is a
great effort now being undertaken to build a national
backbone based on 64 kbps lines, running the set of
TCP/IP protocols via cisco routers. There is a project
underway, launched by INRIA (Institut National de
Recherche en Informatique et Automatique), and
supported by the French government, which will assist
with the tasks of building this national backbone and
improving overall IP connectivity of some Eastern
Europen countries.
Czechoslovakia is connected to two international
networks - EUnet and EARN. Connection to the EUnet is
realized by a 9600 kbps leased line between Bratislava
and Vienna, Austria. The protocol currently in use is
UUCP, but tests are being performed to switch to the
TCP/IP protocols as soon as possible.
The connection to EARN is via a 19200 kbps leased line
between the cities of Prague, Czechoslovakia and Linz,
Austria. The current protocol for this connection is
TCP/IP via cisco routers. There is also a test TCP/IP
connection between Praha and Linz using SLIP
implemented on PC. E-Mail and news services are
currently available to all users and remote login and
file transfer services are available on the test line.
There are two networking organizations in
Czechoslovakia - the Czechoslovakian part of EUnet
(CSUUG) and the Czechoslovakian part of EARN (CSERN).
There are also plans underway by the government of
Czechoslovakia to establish a federal organization for
networking in the country.
For additional information about networking in
Czechoslovakia or administration of the top-level
domain CS, contact:
Pavel Rosendorf
University of Wisconsin
Dept of Chemical Engineering
1415 Johnson Drive
Madison, Wisconsin 53706
U.S.A.
+1 608 263 6592
FAX: +1 608 262 0832
rosendorf@chera1.che.wisc.edu
6.5. Hungary
SRI thanks Balazs Martos for this information about
networking in Hungary.
The IIF network center, operated by the Academic
Computer Infrastructure Division of the Computer and
Automation Institute (MTA-SZTAKI/ASZI), provides many
types of services to a large Hungarian user community.
This community includes people from education, research
and development, government, healthcare, libraries and
museums, etc. Services for these nonprofit
organizations are free of charge, financed by the
"Information Infrastructure Program" of the government.
Commercial users pay a modest contribution to cover a
part of the service costs.
Network services are provided mainly over the large
X.25 network in Hungary, but leased lines running IP
are also connected to the center. UUCP and PAD based
services (mail, file transfer, news) are accessable for
dial-up users as well. The IIF network center runs the
EUnet and EARN national node, so also provides services
to the Hungarian EUnet and EARN nodes.
Tens of thousands of people are using the most popular
mail service. Internet services like FTP and Telnet
are becoming more and more a dominant part of the
international bandwidth.
Services include:
- Line mode terminal access (XXX)
- 327x full screen service
- Central e-mail service (called ELLA) with
gateways to the Internet and BITNET, and with
a built-in directory system
- Central file server
- Central bulletin board
- Databases
- BITNET Listserv
- NetNews
IP services include:
- Domain Name Server
- Anonymous FTP
- Electronic mail
- Remote login
For more information, contact:
Balazs Martos
Head of the Academic Computer Infrastructure
Division
Computer & Automation Institute
Hungarian Academy of Sciences (MTA-SZTAKI/ASZI)
Budapest, XIII
Victor Hugo u. 18-22
HUNGARY
martos@sztaki.hu
+361 1497532
FAX: +361 1297866
6.6. Bulgaria
BGnet
SRI thanks Daniel Kalchev for this information on
networking in Bulgaria.
BGnet in Bulgaria is presently very small, but is
growing more stable.
At present, sites in Bulgaria connect over UUCP dialup
links or using the national X.25 network to the
national backbone in Varna. The backbone is connected
to two other EUnet backbones - the Greek national
backbone in Heraklion, Crete, and the European EUnet
backbone in Amsterdam, The Netherlands. Both links are
over the X.25 network, with dialup connections in
reserve when the X.25 network is not operational.
The following additional background information is
taken from a draft of the paper Implementing
Internationally Connected Computer Networks in Bulgaria
by Daniel Kalchev [31].
Danbo BBS, the first Bulletin Board System in Bulgaria,
started in Varna in November 1989.
Shortly after that, Danbo BBS became member of FidoNet.
Having connected to FidoNet, the BBS could offer
international e-mail, which was affordable and
reachable for anyone with a computer and modem. This
had a significant social effect and shortly thereafter
many other BBSs opened all around the country.
Many Bulgarian users, mostly researchers, desired wider
connectivity and services. Many alternatives for
acquiring such services were considered, but the final
choice was EUnet. In December 1990, a Bulgarian site
(danbo.uucp) connected to EUnet.
As the demand for networking services was high, EUnet
installed a national backbone in Bulgaria. Other sites
connected in September 1991, and the EUnet network in
Bulgaria started operation.
EUnet offered not only e-mail, but also News and
InterEUnet (worldwide IP connectivity). To ease the
future connection of the national network to the
Internet, it was necessary to register the national
top-level domain; Bulgaria's top-level domain BG was
registered in November 1991.
Several other groups in Bulgaria began attempts to
establish international connections with other
networks, most notably with EARN. An EARN node was
installed in Sofia.
There is a public X.25 network in Bulgaria called
BULPAC. When the EUnet backbone connects to BULPAC,
the other sites can dial a local access number, login
to BULPAC and then connect to the backbone.
Here is some numerical data about the Bulgarian EUnet
network. This data reflects the state of the network
on 1 May 1992.
Number of operational sites: 12
Number of sites by type:
Companies 6
Universities 2
Public Institutions 2
Research 1
Government 1
The majority of these sites are in Varna or Sofia,
although Burgas, Plovdiv, Blagoevrgad, and Rousse each
have at least one site.
For more information about BGnet, contact:
BGnet
Daniel Kalchev
c/o Digital Systems
Neofit Bozveli 6
Varna - 9000
Bulgaria
Voice and FAX: +359 52 234540
postmaster@Bulgaria.EU.net
6.7. Romania
SRI thanks Florin Paunescu for this information about
Romania.
Currently, Romania has no operational country-wide
academic (or other) network. Romania is not connected
to any international network either, except for an
end-user connection from the Polytecnical Institute of
Bucharest (IPB) to the Technical University of
Darmstadt in Germany. The only service provided is
e-mail for a group of people from IPB.
A connection to EARN is planned by July 1992. It will
be connected to the University of Linz, Austria.
Although there are still problems with obtaining export
licenses for both this node and TCP/IP routers, it is
planned that the services available will be those
currently offered by EARN.
The first users connected to this EARN node will be the
Research Institute for Informatics in Bucharest (ICI),
which is also hosting the node; the Research Institute
for Atomic Physics (IFA); and IPB. There is a Romanian
EARN Board.
To obtain a country-wide academic network in Romania, a
TCP/IP backbone network is planned. The project is
supported by the National Commission of Informatics
(CNI), which is an interministerial governmental body
whose main role is to propose to the Government
strategies and policies for information in Romania.
For more information about networking in Romania,
contact:
Florin Paunescu
Commission Nationale d'Iformatique
Piata VICTORIEI Nr.1
71 201 Bucarest, ROUMANIE
Tel.: +19 400 12 12 18
Fax.: +19 400 12 12 19
e-mail: florin@imag.fr
6.8. Ukraine
SRI thanks Igor Sviridov for this information about
networking in Ukraine.
Most hosts in the Ukraine today started as part of the
Relcom network, which was created in the USSR in 1990.
Services offered there today include mail feeds, access
to news via a news-to-mail server, and news feeds.
These hosts are usually 386 PCs connected via dialup
lines and UUCP. They provide users with access to
e-mail (which is routed outside Relcom through Moscow,
then to the host fuug.fi in Finland), as well as to
Usenet news and Relcom news. There is also quite a
young ukr.* news hierarchy. Users usually are equipped
with DOS PC's, 2400 baud modems and UUCP flavors. There
are more than 300 nodes in Ukraine and more than 10
hosts providing news feeds. There are also some direct
UUCP connections to West, though for now the Relcom
link from Moscow to Finland is the most reliable.
A networking issue in the Ukraine is the registration
of the UA domain. Currently, UA is resolved only
within Relcom, so traffic from outside Relcom must be
routed through the host ussr.eu.net. For example, a
user's address would be in the form:
user%domain.subdomain.ua@ussr.eu.net
Soon the administration of the UA domain will move from
Moscow to a site in the Ukraine, although which
organization will be assuming the responsibility is
still unclear.
The Ukraine Unix Users Group (UUUG) was recently
formed, and is now officially registered both in
Ukraine and EuNet.
For more information about networking in the Ukraine,
contact:
Igor Sviridov
App. 72, Prospekt 40 liet Oktyabrya, 108/2, 252127
Kiev, Ukraine
postmaster%cs.kiev.ua@ussr.eu.net
+7 044 2638770
6.9. Baltic Countries
BALTBONE
SRI thanks Ants Work for this information about
networking in the Baltic countries.
The BALTBONE project is a joint project of Estonia,
Latvia, and Lithuania to build a 64 Kbps TCP/IP network
backbone as soon as possible between Tartu, Tallinn,
Riga, Vilnius, and Kaunas, and to link the backbone to
NORDUnet and the rest of the world via the current
Tallinn to Helsinki connection. Cisco Systems AGS
routers will be used as soon as export licenses have
bee acquired.
A digital microwave link of 34 Mbps between Tallinn and
Helsinki is in operation, and one 64 Kbps channel has
been leased for the BALTBONE connection. As of May,
1992, the Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP) runs on SUN
3/80. The 64K channel from Tallinn to Tartu is ready,
and was built on 12-group analog voice channels. The
digital 64K link from Vilnius to Kaunas is in operation
(temporarily on X.25). The next difficult problem is
to make the Vilnius-Riga-Tallinn connection.
Research and Education Networks in Estonia, Latvia and
Lithuania are called respectively ESTNET, LATNET and
LITNET, and they will use BALTBONE for international
connectivity.
For more information about the BALTBONE project,
contact:
Ants Work
Deputy Director
Institute of Cybernetics
Estonian Academy of Sciences
Akadeemie tee 21
EE 0108 Tallinn
ESTONIA
ants@ioc.ee
+007 0142 525622
FAX: +007 0142 527901
6.10. Russia
Relcom
SRI thanks Dimitry (Dima) Volodin for this information
about Relcom.
Demos provides UUCP access to the RELCOM network. The
standard services are e-mail, Usenet and RELCOM news,
archive service. Demos connects to the Internet via
dial-up IP link to Alternet (UUNET). The immediate
plans are to start interactive (BBS and "public access
Unix") dial-up services, UUCP and interactive services
via X.25, dial-up IP and IP-over-X.25 services,
fax-telex-e-mail gateways, fax box service. We plan to
switch to a full-time leased line link to Alternet to
make the access to the Internet faster and easier for
our customers.
Demos provides e-mail access not only to the RELCOM
network, but to the Internet as a whole. TCP/IP access
to Internet (Alternet-CIX-etc.) for users is planned
for the near future.
For more information about Relcom or Demos, contact:
Demos
6 Ovchinnikovskaya nab.
113035 Moscow
Russia
postmaster@hq.demos.su
info@hq.demos.su
+7 095 231 2129
+7 095 231 6395
FAX: +7 095 233 5016
6.11. Former Yugoslavia
SRI thanks Borka Jerman-Blazic for this information
regarding networking in what was formerly Yugoslavia.
Yugoslav Academic and Research Network (YUNAC)
The Yugoslav Academic and Research Network (YUNAC) was
formed in 1990. After the political events in
Yugoslavia in 1991, YUNAC reorganized itself as an
international organization following the example of
NORDUNET. YUNAC is an international member of RARE.
New countries appeared on the territory of former
Yugoslavia and new networking organizations formed
within those countries.
In general all these networks provide a similar choice
of services and are using the international IXI line
that was granted to YUNAC Services include:
- Electronic mail (DECnet and X.400)
- Computer conferencing
- Remote login
- Connection via gateways (IXIgate of DFN) to
the international networks EARN/BITNET,
EUNET/USENET, and Internet.
Slovenia
The academic and research network of Slovenia is called
ARNES. The infrastructure of ARNES is the following:
PPSDN in the country, some leased lines, and one
international 64 Kb line (the line granted to YUNAC) to
IXI. ARNES is organized as a public institution and is
governed by the body appointed by the Ministery of
Science and Technology of Slovenia. ARNES is a member
of RARE. The backbone of the Yugoslav part of EUnet is
located in Slovenia. They use mainly UUCP protocol.
Recently some new networks based on the TCP/IP suite
became operational and provide international
connectivity. They are members of RIPE.
Croatia
The academic and research network of Croatia is called
CARNET. The infrastructure used by CARNET is similar
to that used by ARNES; i.e using a PPSDN with DECnet on
top of it. CARNET is the YUNAC line to IXI for
international traffic. CARNET is also a member of
RARE.
Bosnia and Herzegovina
At the time of this writing, there is no networking
activity in this part of former Yugoslavia.
Serbia and Montenegro
Serbia was connected with a leased line to Linz, and
the University of Belgrad was a member of EARN. After
the sanctions adopted by U.N., this connection was cut
off. Serbia can be reached by international public
packet switched networks. The part of PPSDN - JUPAK is
still operational, as is the DECnet network within the
country.
Macedonia
The part of the PPSDN in this former republic of
Yugoslavia is also operational. The e-mail service is
provided through the University of Ljubljana node and
DECnet network. The academic and research networking
organization is called MARNET. MARNET is currently
seeking for direct connection to Internet and EARN.
For further general information about YUNAC and
networking in these countries, contact:
Borka Jerman-Blazic
IJS E-5NET
Jamova 39
61000 Ljubljana
SLOVENIA
+38 61 159 199
FAX: +38 61 161 029
jerman-blazic@ijs.si
E-mail addresses for points of contact for
other networks mentioned in this section are:
ARNES: marco.bonac@ijs.si
EUnet: leon@ninurta.fer.yu
CARNET: p.pale@uni-zg.ac.mail.yu
MARNET: pmfmarj%nubsk@uni-lj.yu
EARN in Serbia: xpmfdo1@yubgss21.bitnet
6.12. France
EARN-France
EARN-France is the French portion of EARN/BITNET.
For more information about EARN-France, contact:
Dominique Dumas
EARN-France
950 rue de Saint Priest
34184 Montpellier Cedex 4
France
BRUCH@FRMOP11.BITNET
or
BRUCH%FRMOP11.BITNET@pucc.Princeton.EDU
+33 67 14 14 14
FAX: +33 67 52 57 63
Fnet
SRI thanks Annie Renard for this information about
Fnet.
Fnet is the French part of EUnet, and INRIA (located
near Versailles) is the organization that manages the
Fnet backbone.
EUnet-FR is open to members of AFUU (French Unix users
group), which is affiliated with EurOpen. One also
needs to subscribe to the Fnet association to benefit
from its services.
Fnet supports usage of TCP/IP over Transpac, leased
lines, and telephone, with ISDN support coming soon. A
service called InterEUnet (Internet for EUnet
subscribers) is also provided, which allow these
subscribers to get access to all authorized parts of
the European and US Internet. ("Authorized" meaning
that the NSFNET might be inaccessible to a commercial
company, but a US commercial network could well be
accessible to that site.) In addition, dialup IP
access over a telephone ("DIP") is available on a pay
per use basis.
Incoming calls to Fnet are supported at 1200 (V.22)
(although this usage is discouraged now), 2400
(V.22-bis), 9600 (V.32), 14400 (V.32-bis) and other
multiprotocol modems.
In addition, X.25 access is supported over PSDN public
network Transpac, and ISDN access is supported over
ECMA 102 adaptors (which makes those adaptors look like
19200 full-duplex asynchronous modems).
For more information about Fnet, contact:
Sylvain Langlois
FNET Association
11 rue Carnot
94270 Le Kemlin-Bicetre
FRANCE
contact@fnet.fr
+33 1 45 21 02 04
FAX: +33 1 46 58 94 20
6.13. Spain
RedIRIS
SRI thanks the Secretaria RedIRIS for this information
about the RedIRIS network.
Since 1991, Higher Education and Research funding
bodies in Spain have sponsored RedIRIS as the National
Research and Academic Network organization. RedIRIS
provides services for universities and research centers
in Spain. The network is managed by Fundesco, a
non-profit organization dealing with Information
Technology and Telecommunication activities.
The number of RedIRIS user organizations has grown to
108, most of them belonging to the Higher Education and
Public Research sectors. RedIRIS is the National
Member representing Spain in the RARE Association, and
participates in the COSINE Project.
RedIRIS services are supported on a private 64 Kbps
X.25 backbone called ARTIX, which links the main
Research and Development sites, and connection to the
PPSDN is also provided. An IP network service is
tunneled over the common backbone as well. In a
similar way a CLNS (ISO IP) service is provided,
currently for experimental purposes. The ARTIX
backbone expanded in the first half of 1992 to 9
regional nodes. Presently 50 RedIRIS member
organizations (all mainly universities and research
institutes in Spain) hold at least one access link to
ARTIX. For 1993 plans are to upgrade the ARTIX
infrastructure to 2 Mbps.
International communications are established through
the COSINE IXI network for X.25 traffic and through
EBONE for IP and CLNS services. Present international
bandwitdh is 2 x 64 Kbps. A new 64 Kbps digital link
Madrid-Amsterdam was added in May as part of the EBONE
infrastructure to supplement the former IXI (X.25)
access point which was used for some time to carry all
traffic types. Now the IXI line is used for X.25-based
traffic (X.400, XXX, DECNET) whereas the EBONE tail
link is kept for IP and CLNS traffic.
In June 1992, 40 RedIRIS member organizations reached
full IP connectivity. Within the RedIRIS Autonomous
System, there are now 57 IP connected networks (18
class B, 39 class C). More networks are in the process
of getting IP connectivity.
Several user support and information services are now
being implemented to provide users with available
information and adequate tools. A principal aim is to
help local managers at RedIRIS organizations run their
own network services at each specific site. Anonymous
ftp and an X.500 Directory are ready available for that
purpose. Other user-friendly interfaces such as WAIS
and Gopher are under consideration.
For more information about RedIRIS, contact:
Secretaria RedIRIS
RedIRIS
Fundesco
Alcala 61
28014 Madrid
+34 1 435 1214
FAX: +34 1 578 1773
secretaria@rediris.es
C=es;ADMD=mensatex;PRMD=iris;O=rediris;
S=secretaria;
6.14. Germany
DFN
SRI thanks Martin Wilhelm for this information about
the services provided by DFN.
The DFN (Deutsches Forschungsnetz) association provides
a broad variety of communication services to its
members and other interested parties. Consultancy
services, manuals, and special software are provided to
support the use of communication services. The
association further supports projects for the
development of data communication and encourages
experiments with new applications. Special emphasis is
put on the development of services at higher speeds ( >
2 Mbps).
Communication within DFN is realized through a packet
switched X.25 network using powerful and advanced
technologies to provide access speeds of currently up
to 2 Mbps. As of September 1992, WIN comprises 184
access points with 9.6 kbps, 164 access points with 64
kbps, and 17 access points with 2 Mbps.
International connectivity is established by
connections to European backbone infrastructures and a
high bandwidth connection to the US internets.
Provision of additional value added services is another
major concern of DFN. Gateway and relay services for
are provided. Currently, approximately half a million
messages are handled monthly. Via the services of DFN,
all the German universities, research institutes,
Max-Planck-Society, Fraunhofer Society, database
providers, libraries, and several research oriented
departments of industry can be reached.
For additional information about the DFN Association,
contact:
DFN-Verein e. V.
Geschaeftsstelle
Pariser Strasse 44
D - 1000 Berlin 15
Germany
dfn-verein@dfn.dbp.de
wilhelm@dfn.dbp.de
rauschenbach@dfn.dbp.de
+49 30 88 42 99 22
FAX: +49 30 88 42 99 70
6.15. Japan
The Widely Integrated Distributed Environment (WIDE)
project was initiated in July 1987 by a group of
researchers led by Professor Jun Murai, of Keio
University. The project was designed to provide a
testbed for the development of large-scale distributed
systems technologies, and was initially constructed by
interconnecting several campus networks. The WIDE
Internet has since provided a basis for Japanese
computer science researchers to gain practical
experience in advanced networking. The WIDE project
operates as a non-government network with funding
support from about 25 private companies.
The WIDE project sponsors a consortium to study various
computer issues including protocols, operating systems,
computer security, ISDN technologies, home computing,
mobile computing, satellite data communications,
distributed applications and internationalization of
computer software. Their research results are annually
published by the project and the resulting software is
also distributed.
The WIDE Internet is composed of a variety of links,
including voice grade leased lines, 64K kbps and 192
kbps digital leased lines, and ISDN. Currently, 52
user organizations, including universities and private
companies are connected to six operation centers
through 64 kbps to 192 kbps leased lines. The backbone
also passes traffic of other research networks, such as
JUNET (Japan University Network), which is now JAIN
(Japan Academic Inter-university Network), and which
does not have long-haul nationwide connectivity. The
WIDE project has been providing connectivity to other
networks, such as the University of Tokyo International
Science Network (TISN), NACSIS Science Information
Network (SINET), and BITNET-JAPAN. The WIDE Internet
supports TCP/IP as its basic protocol suite.
WIDE operates in conjunction with the Pacific
Communications Network (PACCOM) project to provide
international links for Japanese researchers using 192
kbps under-sea cable via the University of Hawaii to
NASA Ames in Mountain View, CA.
WIDE Project contact:
c/o Prof. Jun Murai
KEIO University
5322 Endo, Fujisawa, 252
JAPAN
jun@wide.ad.jp
+81 466 47 5111 ext. 3330
6.16. Taiwan
TANet
SRI thanks Lui Zi-Di for this information about TANet.
TANet, The Taiwan Academic Network, is a pilot project
undertaken by the Ministry of Education and
Universities Computer Center to establish a common
national academic network infrastructure.
To support research and academic institutions in
Taiwan, TANet will provide access to unique resources
and opportunities for collaborative work. TANet will
be composed of most of the Taiwan Internet community,
including industry networks such as SEEDNet (Software
Engineering Environment Development Network).
The management structure of TANet is a two-layer
hierarchy. The TANet network service center (TANSC) is
to be responsible for the national backbone network and
management of international links. Within each
regional area, a regional network service center (RNSC)
will provide necessary services and support connections
to the TANet backbone from the local-area
network/campus network of each university/institution.
At present, TANSC is run by the Ministry of Education
computer center, and each RNSC is run by a major local
university.
The network protocols will initially focus on TCP/IP on
the TANet backbone. Regional networks may support
multiple protocols and additional facilities (including
X.25 transport or dial-up services) on a local basis in
accordance with regional requirements. Support for OSI
(CLNS) routing will be introduced in the near future.
Existing Taiwan BITNET and ifNET (information NETwork)
NetNEWS, and file transfer) will be supported over
TANet via IP connections.
A 256 kbps link will be installed from the Ministry of
Education Computer Center to Princeton University in
the end of 1992. This link will couple TANet to both
JvNCnet and NSFNET.
For more information about TANet, contact:
Computer Center, Ministry of Education
12th Fl, No. 106
Sec. 2, Hoping E. Road
Taipei, Taiwan
Attention: Chen Wen-Sung
nisc@twnmoe10.edu.tw
nisc@twnmoe10.bitnet
+886 2 7377010
FAX: +886 2 7377043
6.17. Israel
ILAN, or Israeli Academic Network, is a network owned
and operated by Machba - the Israeli Interuniversity
Computer Center. ILAN was formed in November 1988 as
an outgrowth of the BITNET network that existed in
Israel. The initial network, established in 1984,
grants Internet connectivity to institutes of higher
education, cultural and academic organizations, as well
as organizations involved in Research and Development.
There are two international links to sites outside of
Israel. One starts at the Weizmann Institute of
Science and ends in the United States within the NSF
regional network called NYSERnet. The physical
connection terminates in New York City. This link is a
64 kbps satellite link. The second connection is from
Tel-Aviv University to CERN in Geneva, Switzerland.
This is also a 64 kbps link via an undersea fiber-optic
cable called EMOS. The fiber-optic link is faster for
Telnet connections since it does not suffer from
satellite delays. Both these links are paid for and
owned by Machba.
The ILAN network currently handles routing for IP,
DECnet, and Appletalk between various universities.
For additional information about ILAN contact:
Hank Nussbacher
Israeli Academic Network Information Center
Computer Center
Tel Aviv University
Ramat Aviv
ISRAEL
hank@vm.tau.ac.il
+972 3 6408309
6.18. Italy
GARR
Our thanks to Antonio Blasco Bonito of CNUCE for the
following information.
In Italy, The Ministry of University and Scientific
Research supports and finances the GARR network. GARR
is the acronym for "Group for the Harmonization of
Research Networks" (Gruppo Armonizzazione delle Reti
per la Ricerca). The aim of GARR is to interconnect
the Italian research and academic networks and
coordinate intercountry connections. GARR is currently
composed of CNR (CNRnet), ENEA (ENET), INFN (INFNet),
CILEA, CINECA, CSATA, and government research
organizations. GARR is publicly financed and only
allows research institutions to connect to it. IUnet
in Italy (described below) is a non-profit institution
and is open to the general public.
GARR provides the following facilities: electronic
mail, file transfer, remote login, database access,
remote job entry, remote terminal access, and USENET
news.
All computers on GARR use Internet-style domain
addresses for electronic mail.
Recognized vehicles of mail traffic are IP/SMTP and
X.400. The electronic-mail GARR task force (named
GARR-PE) has adopted the policy of having every Italian
domain registered through the DNS to be directly
reachable through the Internet or indirectly through an
SMTP/other protocol mail gateway. Another mail path is
through the COSINE X.400 WEPS.
GARR has recently decided to organize a Network
Information Service (NIS) which will act as the Italian
Registration authority for IP addresses and Internet
domains under IT. The GARR NIS will also provide
support for managers of "GARR-regional" networks. The
GARR NIS will be in direct contact with the other major
network information services, such as the DDN NIC,
NNSC, and RIPE-NCC. The GARR-NIS, located in Pisa,
will run the IT top-level domain name server and the
c=IT X.500 DSA.
The backbone of the GARR network provides four TDM
channels over 2 mbps lines, carrying IP, DECnet, SNA
and X.25 (IXI). There are seven primary sites on the
network backbone: they are located in Milano, Pisa,
Bologna, Roma, Frascati, and Bari. Sites on GARR
employ a combination of protocols, including TCP/IP,
X.25, SNA, DECnet, UUCP, and others.
The backbone, built up by the original seven primary
sites, is gradually being extended as funds are made
available. Many new sites are in the process of being
added on the backbone. Other sites will be connected
as secondaries attached to the primary sites at their
own expenses.
GARR is composed by the interconnection of member
networks, and is well connected to IUnet, the Italian
part of EUnet/InterEUnet. GARR will also maintain
connections to the major international research
networks, including RIPE/EASInet/Internet, EARN/BITNET,
EUnet/UUnet, HEPnet, and others.
For additional information about GARR contact:
Gruppo Armonizzazione delle Reti per la Ricerca
Ufficio del Ministro per l'Universita` e la Ricerca
Scientifica e Tecnologica
Lungotevere Thaon di Revel, 76
I-00196 Roma
ITALY
+39 6 390095
FAX: +39 6 392209
IUnet
The Italian UNIX Systems User Group (I2U), a non-profit
association of hardware manufacturers, software houses,
universities and research centers that share an
interest for the diffusion of the UNIX operating system
(as well as open systems), began in 1986 as a UUCP
network. Totally reorganized in 1988, this network,
subsequently named IUnet, has grown to become an
important reality in the Italian networking landscape.
IUnet is the Italian segment of EUnet and today
connects more than 80 sites in the Italian R&D
community (both academic and industrial/commercial).
While the IUnet NIC is hosted at the Computer Science
Department of the University of Genoa (one of the
founders of the I2U), IUnet receives no kind of
government funding. All costs for the operation and
improvement of the network infrastructure are covered
by the user's fees.
IUnet is gradually evolving to become a TCP/IP network
(about 30% of its sites have switched to the InterEUnet
service, that is, have full access to the whole
"European Internet"). EUnet is a participant to the CIX
initiative. There are no limitations to the type of
traffic that crosses IUnet, EUnet or any other of the
CIX networks. For this reason, unlike GARR, IUnet is
ready to connect commercial/industrial enterprises,
between academic research institutions and industry.
IUnet members can also qualify for NSFNET access,
provided they meet the requirements of the NSFNET
Acceptable Use Policy.
TCP/IP access to IUnet is possible via leased lines,
public X.25 and dial-up, both SLIP and PPP (Points of
Presence in Genoa, Milan, Turin, Rome - activation of
the Bologna POP in 1993). International connectivity
is via a leased line to INRIA in Sophia Antipolis,
France. European and U.S. access is via the EUnet
infrastructure.
IUnet offers UUCP mail, news, and archives via dialup
and public X.25; offers access to the Internet via
dialup, public X.25, and leased lines; offers a mailbox
service, and database access to UNIX software and an
electronic newsletter. IUnet plans to offer MHS X.400
services in 1993. The network operates the anonymous
FTP archive host ftp.iunet.it.
For additional information about IUnet contact:
Alessandro Berni
IUnet
DIST, Universita` di Genova
Via Opera Pia, 11a
16145 Genova
ITALY
+39 10 3532747
FAX: +39 10 3532948
iunet@iunet.it
6.19. The Netherlands
SURFnet
Our thanks to Peter Kokosky Deforchaux for the
following information.
SURFnet bv is the Dutch national organization for the
provision of information and communication services for
research and higher education including industrial
research. It is a private not-for-profit company. The
owners are the SURF Foundation (51%), representing the
user community, and the Dutch PTT (49%).
The main services of SURFnet are:
- Megabit multi-protocol backbone services (IP
and X.25) with IP rates up to 1.5 Mbps; CLNS
will follow in 1992;
- E-Mail, file transfer and remote access, both
TCP/IP and OSI, including gateway services;
- Open Library Network in cooperation with the
national organization for library automation
Pica;
- File services and a variety of other
information services e.g. NEWS (in
cooperation with NLnet, the Dutch part of
EUnet). In The Netherlands, SURFnet is
responsible for EARN/NJE and HEPnet services.
The SURFnet services are managed in a one-stop shopping
approach where total administrative and technical (e.g.
help-desk), support is provided by SURFnet personnel.
Operational management tasks are subcontracted with
SURFnet retaining the overall service provision
responsibility vis a vis its customers.
The 1991 turnover was 7 M$. The 120 connected
institutions and companies pay 5.5 M$ for operational
services via volume independent tariffs. The remaining
1.5 M$ are related to forthcoming innovative services
(i.e. pilots, development projects) and are financed by
the government funded SURF Foundation.
SURFnet's activities are restricted to universities,
colleges, research institutions including industrial
research, scientific and public libraries and academic
hospitals.
SURFnet is strongly focussed on international
cooperation, both in operational and in innovative
activities. International connectivity is presently
achieved via the EBONE initiative and via IXI.
SURFnet's employees are active in several international
bodies and programs (i.e. RARE, Internet, COSINE).
Current development activities include:
- The development of an Open Library Network
based on the VTP protocol;
- The connection of student work places at home
via the TV cable infrastructure;
- Enhancement of the Megabit multi-protocol
backbone in terms of topology (resiliency),
introduction CLNS, introduction 34 Mbps
trunks, upgrade of international
connectivity, investigation of protocols like
Frame Relay, DQDB and ATM and integration of
network management;
- Extension of the pilot X.500 directory
service with full scale data management tests
and interworking tests;
- Set up of an X.400 1988 extension of the
present X.400 1984 infrastructure including
interworking tests of new products;
- Set up of a file service based on FTAM and
FTP with interworking tests of new products;
- Introduction of security procedures and
facilities including the set up of a CERT NL
(Computer Emergency Response Team);
- The set up of a pilot Full Image Document
scientific libraries and publishers (under
preparation).
For more information about SURFnet, contact:
P.O. Box 19035
3501 DA Utrecht,
THE NETHERLANDS
+31 30310290
admin@surfnet.nl
c=nl, ADMD=400net, PRMD=SURF, O=SURFnet, S=Admin
6.20. Switzerland
SWITCH
SWITCH is the Swiss Academic and Research Network. We
thank Thomas Lenggenhager for the information contained
in this section.
SWITCH is a foundation, sponsored by the Swiss
government and Swiss universities, that provides
teleinformatics services to all Swiss universities,
technical high schools, and various research institutes
by connecting to national and international resources.
SWITCH started operation in October 1988.
SWITCHlan is a national backbone network which connects
all universities using leased lines with speeds between
128 kbit/s and 2 Mbit/s. Most other organizations are
connected via 64 kbit/s. For routing on these national
leased lines SWITCH uses cisco routers. The protocols
supported are DECnet, TCP/IP, X.25, and ISO CLNS.
The resources connected to SWITCHlan are documented in
the SWITCH Resource Guide, a collection similar to the
NNSC Internet Resource Guide. It is accessible via
anonymous FTP on nic.switch.ch [130.59.1.40] in
/info_service/SWITCH-resource-guide. The Swiss
supercomputer sites and several library catalogs are
connected to SWITCHlan.
International connections on the network level went
into operation in January 1990. The current state today
is:
- Two lines with TCP/IP to CERN each 2 Mbit/s.
This gives access to EBONE, the European part
of the Internet and via the EASIgate T1 link
to the US access to the NSFNET.
- TCP/IP and ISO CLNS connection to Nice,
France, with 64 kbit/s, which also acts as
the backup route to the Internet/NSFNET.
- A TCP/IP 64 kbit/s line to BelWue, a regional
research network in southern Germany.
A 64 kbit/s connection to the COSINE/EMPB private X.25
network has been running since the first quarter of
1990. This infrastructure is mainly used for TCP/IP
over X.25 to RedIRIS, DFN and ACOnet. In addition, it
is used for X.400 and X.500 traffic as well as for
pilot ISO CLNP over X.25 with the European Academic and
Research Community.
SWITCHmail is the national X.400 MHS network which
connects the universities and research institutes to
the ADMD of the Swiss PTT and through COSINE-MHS to
research MHS networks in 31 countries. E-Mail gateways
to EARN/BITNET, UUCP and Internet are offered by SWITCH
too.
SWITCHinfo is an information service accessible either
via anonymous FTP to nic.switch.ch [130.59.1.40] or
interactively with Telnet to the same host with the
login name info; no password required.
On behalf of RARE (Reseaux Associes pour la Recherche
Europeenne, European Research Network Organization)
SWITCH runs COSINE-MHS, an MHS coordination service
spanning 33 research networks in 31 countries. SWITCH
is an active partner in other COSINE pilot X.500
Directory Service project and the COSINE Information
Service project.
Any host on the network of a connected organization may
access the network, as long the usage complies with the
use policy of SWITCH. SWITCH networks can only be used
for academic and research traffic.
SWITCH services include
- Mailbox accounts. Offering e-mail
connectivity to the X.400, Internet, BITNET,
and UUCP world. Dialup to the mailbox
account is via modem or XXX (Pad).
- Direct X.400 MTA-MTA connection. This
includes gateway services to the same
community as for the mailboxes.
- Dialup UUCP.
- Usenet NEWS service.
- Leased line access to the Swiss IP network
and the Internet for organizations
cooperating with universities on research
projects.
- Dialup SLIP access to the Internet has been
available since summer 1992, ISDN access is
planned for 1993.
- X.500 DSA/DUA access to the international
X.500 pilot.
For additional information about the SWITCH network,
contact:
SWITCH Head Office
Limmatquai 138
CH-8001 Zurich
SWITZERLAND
+41 1 256 5454
FAX: +41 1 261 8133
postmaster@switch.ch
C=CH;ADMD=arCom;PRMD=SWITCH;O=SWITCH;
S=Postmaster
6.21. Greece
ARIADNE SRI thanks Yannis Corovesis for the following
information.
The ARIADNE Network (ARIADNet) is open to all members
of the Research Academic Community in Greece. It is
also open to Industrial R&D companies. The ARIADNE
Network Operations Center (NOC) is at the Demokritos
Research Centre in Attiki.
Most Research Institutes and Universities are connected
via a private backbone of more than 20 leased analog
circuits (9.6 kbps). Athens (Attiki) is in the center
of the network, with the peripheries stretching to
Thrace, Macedonia, Ipeiros, Peloponnese, and the
Aegean.
Recently, there has been demand for ARIADNE services by
a wider community, beyond that currently covered by
State and CEC financing, and a study is underway to
devise a financial cost/charging scheme to cover
operational costs. A study group has been formed to
look into the problem of networking coordination in the
Research and Academic sector as the relevant Ministry
is restricting funds severely. This exercise brings
together pioneering sites in networking as well as
newcomers planning to support regional NOCs. A forum
of all user sites is to complement the above activity.
The outcome is expected to merge the Greek part of EARN
(Crete) and ARIADNE producing a four NOC backbone
(University of Crete, CTI at Patra, University of
Thessaloniki, and Demokritos at Athens)
The International networks Internet (via ULCC/JANET),
COSINE-MHS, IXI/EMPB, BITNET (University of Crete),
EUnet (ITE) and the CERN DECnet (Demokritos) may be
accessed from ARIADNE.
The ARIADNE Network currently offers the following
services:
- Remote login via PAD or Telnet.
- E-Mail (RFC 822, X.400 and gateway RFC 987).
- File transfer via FTP and Kermit, and
anonymous FTP to fetch RFCs, FYIs, and UNIX
configuration files.
- Dial-up on 5 telephone lines for PC users
(1200-9600 bps, MNP error correction),
including provision of a mailbox. An order
of another 10 lines has been placed with OTE
(PTT).
- Pythia, an information server for browsing
information on keywords about networks and
related topics, currently at an embryonic
stage. Also Dialdoc for PC users over
dial-up for information and software
- A supercomputer, CONVEX, currently installed
in Demokritos and made available to ARIADNE
users for projects in physics, meteorology,
environmental pollution, space, and defense.
Plans for the ARIADNE Network include:
- Immediate plans are the upgrade of
International connectivity to 64K. Also a
leased line running TCP/IP to CERN is being
installed. This is to be an EBONE line.
- ARIADNE backbone is to receive 10 cisco
Routers (currently being installed, 5 in
pilot operation).
- Build an X.400 backbone (10 sites) in
1992-1993 (currently the MTAs of NRCPS, CTI,
AUEB, TPCI, HEP are operational)
- Install 10 network servers over the backbone
in 1993 (in order from HP)
- A supercomputer, CONVEX, is being installed
in Demokritos at this moment and made
available to ARIADNE users for projects in
physics, meteorology, environmental
pollution, space, and defense.
- Mass publish a Network Users Guide fully in
Greek, with examples and explanations
(certain parts produced using other net's
experience)
For additional information about ARIADNE network,
contact:
ARIADNE Network Help Desk
+30 1 6513392
+30 1 6536351
FAX: +30 1 6532910
FAX: +30 1 6532175
postmaster@isosun.ariadne-t.gr
C=gr; ADMD= ; PRMD=ariadne-t; OU=isosun;
S=postmaster
Yannis Corovesis
ycor@isosun.ariadne-t.gr
C=gr; ADMD= ; PRMD=ariadne-t; OU=isosun; S=ycor
Takis Telonis
ttel@isosun.ariadne-t.gr
6.22. Turkey
TUVAKA
SRI thanks Esra Delen for this information about the
TUVAKA Network.
TUVAKA stands for "Turkish University and Research
Organizations' Network." It was established in 1987
just before Turkey joined EARN. The network initially
consisted of 4 nodes running the BSC protocol on 9.6K
lines. Now the network consists of 34 nodes affiliated
with 29 organizations. The network initially had a
star topology with the node TREARN being the center and
the main international exit to EARN/BITNET. Now the
network mainly runs the SNA protocol over 14.4K lines
and is planning to migrate to IP on 64K lines very
soon. Also, now the network has begun to lose its star
shape as alternate routes and backup links have
developed.
The major node and the starting point of the network is
at Ege University in Izmir. This node has the id
TREARN in the NJE world, and ege.edu.tr in the IP
world. It holds the major international link, a 14.4K
SNA link. In a very short time this line will be
upgraded to a 64K VMNET line. Another international
exit from TUVAKA is the Middle East Technical
University in Ankara, and this is an IP/X25 line to the
Netherlands.
The host ege.edu.tr is the major governing node of the
network. Almost all routing, addressing and other
modifications are done from there. This node gives the
other nodes a lot of technical assistance, and help in
all issues. The network mainly consists of IBM VM
nodes, and UNIX machines and DEC VAXes. Ege.edu.tr
holds two IBM mainframes and two UNIX workstations, all
of them are defined in the network as separate nodes.
The technical personnel on the TUVAKA backbone nodes
give courses and assistance to the newly connected
nodes both nationally and internationally. The network
holds several servers and all of them are accessible by
mail and via interactive messages. Most nodes in the
network have dialup and packet switched access.
For more information about TUVAKA, contact the Network
Country Coordinators:
Sitki Aytac
aytac@ege.edu.tr
Esra Delen
esra@ege.edu.tr
TUVAKA
Ege University Computing Center
Bornova, Izmir 35100
TURKEY
+90 51 18 10 80
6.23. Mexico
SRI thanks Ing. Hugo E. Garcia Torres for providing the
information about networking in Mexico.
MEXnet
The Mexican Academic network (MEXnet) is one of the
participants of Mexico's national academic and research
network, SIRACyT (Sistema Nacional de Redes para la
Ciencia y la Tecnologia). MEXnet is a not-for-profit
organization whose mission is to provide a way to
facilitate communication for the faculty and student
community of its members in order to promote the
fully terrestrial network with links going from 9.6
kbps to 64kbps.The following institutions are MEXnet's
members and are already connected and fully
operational:
- ITESM System (Instituto Tecnologico y de
Estudios Superiores de Monterrey) UDLA
(Universidad de las Americas)
- Universidad de Guadalajara
- ITESO (Instituto Tecnologico y de Estudios
Superiores de Occidente)
- Colegio de Postgraduados de Chapingo
- CIQA (Centro de Investigacion en Quimica
Apliacada)
- CINVESTAV (Centro de Investigaciones
Avanzadas)
- ITAM (Instituto Tecnologico Autonomo de
Mexico)
- UAC (Universidad Autmnoma de Coahuila)
- IPN (Instituto Politecnico Nacional)
- UAM (Universidad Autmnoma Metropolitana)
- LANIA (Laboratorio Nacional de Informatica
Avanzada)
- ITM (Instituto Tecnologico de Mexicali)
- Instituto de Ecologia de Xalapa
- UDEM (Universidad de Monterrey)
At this time the national system of state owned public
universities are in the process of being incorporated
into MEXnet or with any of the other networks that
participate of SIRACyT.
MEXnet has several international connections. ITESM
connects with a terrestrial 56kbps link to ANSnet at
MCI's POP in Houston, Texas, and also to the University
of Texas in San Antonio with three leased lines (3 X
9600 bps). ITM connects with a terrestrial 64kbps link
to San Diego State University in San Diego, California.
Other participants of SIRACyT are:
- Red UNAM (Universidad Nacional Autonoma de
Mexico) which has an international link to
the National Center for Atmospheric Research
(NCAR) in Boulder, Colorado, via a 64 kbps
satellite connection.
- Red Cicese (Centro de Investigacion
Cientifica y Educacion Superior) with an
international link to the San Diego
Supercomputer Center in San Diego, California
via a 64 kbps satellite connection.
- Red CETyS (Centro de Ensenanza Tecnica y
Superior) has a terrestrial 56kbps link to
San Diego State University in California.
Following is an overview of the ITESM Network, one of
MEXnet's participants.
ITESM
ITESM, Instituto Tecnologico y de Estudios Superiores
de Monterrey (Monterrey Technological Institute of
Higher Education), is a network of 27 multicampus
higher education institutions located in 22 different
cities in Mexico. Telecommunications for the whole
system are via satellite using 64 kbps full duplex
channels for voice and data. The network is arranged
using a star topology with the central hub located at
the Mexico City campus.
The ITESM network has three international links.
ITESM users have been BITNET members since 1986 and
Internet members since 1987. The ITESM network
consists of approximately 4000 nodes, with
approximately 60% PCs and Macs and 40% workstations,
mainframes and minicomputers.
In the near future, ITESM plans to increase the
capacity of the link to ANSnet in Texas to a T1,
pending all necessary approvals. Also, the ITESM is
working to have higher bandwith links to the most
important campuses like the one that is already working
between the Mexico City campus and the Monterrey campus
(2 Mbps digital terrestrial link).
For further details about the ITESM network and MEXnet
contact:
Ing. Hugo E. Garcia Torres
Director
Depto. de Telecomunicaciones y Redes
ITESM Campus Monterrey
E. Garza Sada #2501
Monterrey, N.L., C.P. 64849
MEXICO
+52 83 582 000, ext. 4130
FAX: +52 83 69-20-04
hgarcia@mexnet.mty.itesm.mx
6.24. Dominican Republic
REDID
SRI thanks Daniel Pimienta for this information about
networking in the Dominican Republic.
The Dominican Republic has a UUCP node called REDID.
The design is of a centralized UUCP based mailing
system with access to Puerto Rico via a national X.25
network and a 9600 bps leased line. Puerto Rico
conveys messages between REDID and the Internet.
REDID (Red Dominicana de Intercambio para el Desarrollo
Development) is the name of a user group formed as the
result of an "open, transparent, and participative
process directly conducted by future end-users."
For more information about REDID, contact:
Daniel Pimienta
Asesor Cientifico Union Latina
APTD0 2972
Santo Domingo
Republica Dominicana
pimienta!daniel@redid.org.do
+1 809 689 4973
+1 809 535 6614
FAX: +1 809 535 6646
TELEX: 1 346 0741
6.25. Caribbean Basin
This Caribbean Basin survey is provided to us courtesy
of Daniel Pimienta, who wrote it.
The Caribbean Basin has not been left apart of the
ongoing network growth within the region. If the user
still low, infrastructures are in place which lead us
to expect further developments in the coming months.
For several years, Costa Rica has been a key BITNET
location and, furthermore, hosts the central UUCP node
of a pilot project named HURACAN. HURACAN offers
access to various researchers belonging to different
Central American countries via their interconnected
national X.25 networks. This project is a result of a
cooperative effort started by Canadian Agencies and
completed by the UNDP.
Bitnet
Guy de Teramond
gdeter@ucrvm2.bitnet
gdeter%ucrvm2.bitnet@cunyvm.cuny.edu
+506 34 10 13
+506 25 59 11
Huracan
Technical contact: Theodore Hope
hope@huracan.cr
+506 244734
+506 252467
Management contact: Edgardo Richards
richards@huracan.cr
Puerto Rico is presenting, as a result of years of
investments and technical follow-up, a state-of-the-art
network linking all the campuses with each other and
with the Internet by high speed lines. It allows
students to operate Telnet functions at fractions of
seconds in several terminal areas spread over the
country. CRACIN (Corporation for the National Academic
Scientific and Research Network) can now concentrate on
user support and make available some time to help its
neighbors.
Puerto Rico is heading a sub-regional project, named
CUNET for Caribbean Universities Network, which has put
seeds virtually in all English speaking islands of the
Caribbean. CUNET has a star design where UUCP nodes
access, by switched connection, into the Puerto Rico
network which gateways the traffic to the Internet.
The number of users is reported to be steadily growing
in various countries, such as Jamaica and Trinidad and
Tobago. The project is sponsored by OAS, which pays
for the experts to travel and for the dial-up
connections to Puerto Rico.
CRACIN and CUNET
Roberto Loran
R_Loran@racin.clu.net
Cuba is experiencing a spectacular growth of the
network. The island has a traditionally strong science
and technology sector, and is in a good position to
present user applications and scientific databases.
INFO93, a congress planned for May 93 in La Habana,
will focus on networking.
Cuba Jesus Martinez
jemar@ceniai.cu
Surprisingly, the French West Indies have remained
outside of the area's growth in networking. There is a
RIO (Orstom network) node, but a 1988 plan to have the
University (UAG) join EARN-France has not yet been
implemented. However, moves are underway to make it a
playing actor in network related training.
University of Nicaragua is maintaining a UUCP node.
Nicaragua
Teresa Ortega
Project Manager
Red Academica y de Informacion Nicaraguense (RAIN)
tere@uni.ni
+505 2 672054
+505 2 670274
FAX: +505 2 673709
Dominican Republic's REDID was born last May. Also,
one of the 25 Dominican universities (PUCMM) is
maintaining a PC station connected to the CUNET
project, and has been planning a BITNET node for some
time.
Haiti was targeted to be part of the REDID creation
process. The political turmoils jeopardized the
process. Other alternatives, such as training a group
of researchers outside the countries, are currently
under study to start an action. See also Section 6.24
for more information about networking in the Dominican
Republic.
REDID
Daniel Pimienta
pimienta!daniel@redid.org.do
+11 809 689 4973
6.26. Argentina
ARNET
SRI thanks Jorge Marcelo Amodio for this information
about ARNET.
ARNET, a TCP/IP network connected to the Internet, is
the major science and research network of Argentina.
It connects approximately three hundred sites, mainly
universities and research organizations. ARNET
provides electronic mail, USENET News, file server, and
electronic mailing list services.
Like other cooperative networks, ARNET has no central
planning or central authority. The current
international link and the top-level AR domain are
managed by the UNDP (United Nations Development
Programme) at the Ministry of Foreign Affairs (MREC),
together with the Secretariat of Science and Technology
(SECYT). For the time being, the top-level subdomains
are administered by the UNDP/MREC project.
ARNET is connected to the Internet through a satellite
link to SURANet at the University of Maryland.
Most ARNET connections are over the public telephone
network or the public packet-switching network, ARPAC,
using the UUCP protocol in different environments.
USENET news and most electronic mail traffic is brought
to ARNET from uunet.uu.net via Internet.
There is a cooperation agreement between the UNDP/MREC
project and the SECYT to distribute Internet services
in the future. The first stage will be the
installation of a couple of Unix boxes at major
regional sites, interconnected through the PSN ARPAC
and national satellite links using UUCP. The second
stage will be the migration from UUCP to TCP/IP. There
are under study different ways to distribute Internet
services throughout the country, and to upgrade the
international link to the Internet.
For more information about ARNET, contact:
UNDP Project ARG-90-012
Ministerio de Relaciones Exteriores y Culto
Reconquista 1088 1er. Piso - Informatica
(1003) Capital Federal
Buenos Aires, Argentina
Attention: Jorge Marcelo Amodio
pete@atina.ar
+541 315 4804
FAX: +541 315 4824
UnBol/Bolnet
SRI thanks Sam Lanfranco for this information about
a network called called BolNet (in English) or UnBol
(in Spanish). The network was originally established
with the help of PeaceNet, a network administered by
the Institute for Global Communications (IGC) (see
section 4.2). IGC provides MX forwarding for the
unbo.bo domain.
UnBol is located at the Department of Electronic
Engineering of the Universidad Mayor de San Andres in
La Paz.
For more information about UnBol, contact:
Prof. Clifford Paravicini
Facultad de Ingenieria Electronica
Univ. Mayor de San Andres
clifford@unbol.bo
6.28. Nordic Countries
NORDUnet
NORDUnet is an international network connecting the
Nordic countries. It is administered by NORDUNET (note
capitalization), a networking program in the Nordic
countries funded by the Nordic Council of Ministers.
The participating organizations are the Nordic national
networks in Norway (UNINETT), Denmark (DENet), Finland
(FUNET), Iceland (SURIS), and Sweden (SUNET). The
goals of NORDUnet are to provide harmonized network
services to Nordic research and development users in
cooperation with these national networks and to
establish good inter-Nordic relations in networking.
Much of this information regarding NORDUnet was taken
from the article Profile: NORDUnet, which appeared in
the November 1990 issued of ConneXions: The
Interoperability Report [29]. (See Section 12.5 for
more information about this journal.)
The NORDUnet idea was born in September 1987 and the
network was officially opened in October 1989.
NORDUnet activities focus on provision of services,
meaning its goal is to extend the services and
interconnectivity to new networks to the benefit of its
users. NORDUnet is also planning for an introduction
of OSI-based services through pilots and experiments.
These include X.500 Directory pilots, the harmonization
of e-mail addresses, and development of national e-mail
gateways.
NORDUNET also takes an active part in the RARE work and
supports the goals of COSINE (see Section 10.1.5).
The NORDUnet transport network is a wide area network
based on MAC-level bridges and "network-level" routers.
They form a logical Ethernet connection through leased
lines provided by the Swedish Telecomm International
(STI) and the Scandinavian Telecommunications Services
AB (STS). NORDUnet provides, through its
interconnections to the U.S. and central Europe, access
to the following networks: The Internet, BITNET/CREN,
EUnet, EARN, HEPnet, SPAN and the COSINE/RARE IXI pilot
service. The U.S. connection is between The Royal
Technical Institute (KTH) in Stockholm, Sweden, and the
John von Neumann National Supercomputer Center (JvNC)
in Princeton, New Jersey. JvNCnet is an NSFNET
mid-level network (see Section 4).
For those already connected to the Internet, NORDUnet
provides a common resource via its "NIC" host
nic.nordu.net. This host is the first European DNS
root server machine and also contains a wealth of
information available for anonymous FTP. Information
concerning NSF, IETF, NETF (NORDUNET Engineering Task
Force), statistics for NORDUnet, EEPG (European
Engineering and Planning Group), and EBONE are some
examples of information resident on this host.
For additional information about resources available on
nic.nordu.net, send mail to hostmaster@nic.nordu.net.
Alternatively, you may use the following address for
obtaining more information about the NORDUNET program:
NORDUNET
c/o SICS P.O. Box 1263
S-164 28 Kista
SWEDEN
+46 8 752 1563
FAX: +46 8 751 7230
NORDUNET@sics.se
6.29. Finland
DataNet
SRI thanks Seppo Noppari for this description of the
DataNet Service offered by Telecom Finland.
DataNet is a network service for interconnecting LANs.
It is mainly targeted for closed corporate networks.
Telecom Finland has been running the network since
1990. At present there are several TCP/IP networks,
for example SWIPnet and TIPnet in Sweden and PSInet,
and Alternet and CERFnet in USA. DataNet network
covers the whole country in Finland with its 21 POPs.
Currently there are more than 300 CPEs of about 80
customers. The network is still growing fast. DataNet
has also international connections through CIX and
InfoLAN. DataNet service, like InfoLAN also, has one
key feature that separates it from other commercial
TCP/IP offerings. DataNet is an end-to-end managed
complete network service with wide range of supported
protocols.
Backbone technology
In the first phase DataNet network was based on a
backbone of leased lines and cisco
multiprotocol/multimedia routers. Now it includes also
a Stratacom IPX based Frame Relay backbone. Customer
LANs are connected with routers (= CPEs) to the nearest
backbone routers or IPX Frame relay switches with
serial lines. Charging is based on access line speed
which varies from 19.2 kbit/s to 2 Mbit/s. Also FDDI
connections are available which means access speed up
to 100 Mbit/s. Supported level 3 protocols are TCP/IP,
DECnet, ISO CLNP, Novell IPX, AppleTalk and X.25. IBM
connectivity is provided by source route bridging of
Token Ring LANs and SDLC tunneling. Network management
is SNMP based.
Service elements
DataNet is a complete service including customer
network planning, implementation and management. The
CPEs are usually owned and managed by Telecom Finland
and the customer pays a flat rate of the service. For
example a typical 64 kbit/s access to the network is
$1800/month and this price includes the CPE, local
loop, traffic, hardware DataNet is using a wide range
of routers and other equipment from cisco.
AGS or AGS+ routers are used mainly in the backbone,
but of course also our FDDI customers have AGS+ routers
at their sites. Usually customers are connected with an
IGS but also CGS and MGS boxes are used for special
needs. MSM terminal servers are used for customers who
need asynchronous or SLIP services. Per customer X.25
gateways are based on CPT's.
Supported Protocols
Supported protocols are TCP/IP, DECnet Phase IV, SRB,
X.25, Novell IPX AppleTalk, ISO CLNP and bridging.
AppleTalk, IPX, DECnet and bridging are nowadays
implemented over the Frame Relay backbone. Routing
protocol is IGRP and the following network interfaces
are supported: Ethernet, TokenRing and FDDI. The BGP
protocol is used between different AS networks.
International connections
DataNet is currently connected to CIX via a FrameRelay
link from NordFrame network. This arrangement allows
practically global commercial IP connectivity.
Connections to European IP networks have been built via
EBS - EBONE Boundary System, built with FrameRelay
also. To those customers who want international and
closed networks there is a gateway to the InfoLAN
network.
For more information about DataNet contact:
Seppo Noppari
Telecom Finland
P.O. Box 228
Rautatienkatu 10
33101 Tampere
Finland
+358 31 243 2242
FAX: +358 31 243 2211
seppo.noppari@tele.fi
6.30. Sweden
TIPnet
SRI thanks Anders Halldin, TIPnet manager, for the
following information.
TIPnet is Swedish Telecom's commercial public TCP/IP
service. TIPnet is based on a cisco router backbone.
TIPnet is a member of EBONE, and has Frame Relay-based
connections to Alternet in the US, DataNet in Finland,
and INFOnet's router in Stockholm. Access to TIPnet is
either via leased lines from 9.6 kBit to 2 Mbit, or via
X.25 at 9.6 kBit or 64 kBit.
The TIPnet customer support and Network Control Center
services are situated in Gothenburg:
Hakan Hansson
+46 31 7708072
hakan@tipnet.se
Support and NCC:
NRE MUX, TIPnet
403 35 Gothenburg
Sweden
+46 31 7707470
FAX: +46 31 112800
nremux@tipnet.se
The TIPnet technical sales support organization is in
Stockholm:
Kjell Simenstad
MegaCom AB
Kjell Simenstad
121 80 Johanneshov
Stockholm
Sweden
+46 8 780 5616
FAX: +46 8 686 0213
SUNET (The Swedish University Network)
SRI thanks Hans Wallberg for this information about
SUNET.
SUNET is a network for Swedish universities. SUNET
interconnects local and regional networks at all the
Swedish universities. Via NORDUnet, SUNET provides
international connections to the Internet. SUNET is
also connected to the two commercial IP
networks--SWIPnet and TIPnet--that operate in Sweden.
SUNET is based on cisco-routers and 2 Mbps lines. It
supports TCP/IP and DECnet (plus NJE over IP and
DECnet) and is ready to support ISO/IP. There were
more than 19,000 IP hosts and 650 DECnet hosts
connected to SUNET as of August 1992.
For more information about SUNET,contact:
Hans Wallberg
Hans.Wallberg@umdac.umu.se
or
Bjorn Eriksen
ber@sunet.se
SUNET
UMDAC
S-901 87 Umea
Sweden
+46 90 16 56 45
FAX: +46 90 16 67 62
6.31. Norway
UNINETT
SRI thanks Knut L. Vik for this information about
UNINETT, some of which also appears in the NNSC
Internet Resource Guide.
UNINETT is the Norwegian academic and research data
network. Its purpose is to support research and
education and collaborative work in and among academic
and non-profit research organizations in Norway by
providing access to computer networks and network
resources. As the Norwegian branch of the Internet,
EARN/BITNET, the European academic DECnet, and
OSInet/IXI, UNINETT offers a variety of services
connecting the Norwegian academic society to the rest
of the academic world.
Electronic mail, file transfer, terminal access,
directory services, USENET Network News and Gopher
information service are among the services available on
the UNINETT network.
By August 1992, about 103 academic and research
organizations are connected to the UNINETT backbone,
giving national and international connection to some
14,500 IP hosts, a few hundred DECnet hosts and X.400
MTAs, and 3 EARN/BITNET nodes.
UNINETT is a member of NORDUnet, which is a cooperative
effort of the academic networks in all of the Nordic
countries and is connected internationally through the
NORDUnet network.
The UNINETT activity is funded by The Norwegian
Ministry of Education, Research and Church Affairs; the
day-to-day work is organized by a secretariat sited at
SINTEF Delab, Trondheim.
UNINETT is a non-commercial network for academic and
research traffic only. However, some (25) commercial
(and governmental) organizations have gained access to
the network, under restrictions that do not allow them
to use the network for commercial purposes.
For more information about UNINETT, contact:
UNINETT secretariat
SINTEF Delab
N-7034 Trondheim
Norway
sekr@uninett.no
C=no;P=uninett;O=uninett;S=sekr
+47 7 592980
FAX: +47 7 532586
6.32. Denmark
DENet
SRI thanks Jan P. Sorensen for this information about
DENet.
DENet was initiated at the beginning of 1988 with to
connect the local networks at various education
institutions in Denmark. DENet is almost a star shaped
network with the center at the Danish Computing Centre
for Research and Education (UNI-C) in Lyngby, which is
located about 15 kilometers north of the center of
Copenhagen on the campus of the Technical University.
As of Spring 1992, DENet contains about 50 connections.
DECnet and LAT protocols are only supported on DENet
institutions belonging to the Department of Education.
All other institutions are required to use TCP/IP on
DENet. This restriction is imposed to reduce the
necessary resources for maintenance and development of
DENet. Administrative applications are also required
to use TCP/IP. The protocol requirement is only
enforced on DENet, on the local ethernet segments all
protocols may of course be used.
In addition to DENet UNI-C has operated an EARN/RSCS
network since the beginning of 1985. Today the network
is limited to IBM-compatible computers and contains
four connections, two of which are based on VMNET,
which enables an RSCS connection to run on top of
TCP/IP.
The network is financed by the Danish Computer Board
with grants from the Department of Education.
The connected institutions pay a fixed yearly rate,
which is graduated according to the size of the
institution, and differentiated by whether or not the
institution belongs to the Department of Education.
Telnet, FTP, SMTP and domain name service are supported
for all DENet users. All UNI-C mainframes support all
the above services. In addition, the network supports
DECnet and EARN services for some sites.
UNI-C operates mail gateways between SMTP, VMS MAIL,
EARN, and X.400. Domain addresses are used throughout
the network. For ease of use, the addresses are
independent of the various network protocols. Hence,
the users do not have to know which protocol is used on
a particular computer.
Users without direct access to DENet may use dialup or
X.25 connections to mainframes at UNI-C, which have
full TCP/IP connections to DENet.
International network connections are based on a 256
kb/s NORDUnet line to Stockholm. This line supports
TCP/IP, DECnet, and X.25 and has been in operation
since the beginning of 1989. In addition, two
international 9.6 kb/s lines are connected to Lyngby:
an EARN/RSCS line to Russia, and a combined TCP/IP and
EARN/RSCS line to Poland.
For more information about DENet, contact:
DENet, The Danish Network for Research and
Education
Jan P. Sorensen
UNI-C, The Danish Computing Centre for Resear
Building 305, DTH
DK-2800 Lyngby
DENMARK
Jan.P.Sorensen@uni-c.dk
+45 45 93 83 55
FAX: +45 45 93 02 20
6.33. Finland
FUNET
SRI thanks Petri Ojala for this information about
FUNET.
FUNET, the Finnish University and Research Network, is
a project established in 1984 by the Ministry of
Education. FUNET provides Internet connectivity to the
academic and research community. The network is based
on cisco multiprotocol routers, and is mostly based on
public Frame Relay service. The supported protocols
are TCP/IP, NJE, DECNET, and OSI CLNS. In two major
cities, FUNET connectivity is provided with single
modem fiber FDDI rings. FUNET operates various
application level gateways and services, including the
largest public archive server in the Internet on the
host nic.funet.fi. FUNET uses the Nordic University
and Research Network, NORDUnet, for international
connectivity.
For more information about FUNET, contact:
FUNET
Finnish University and Research Network
Markus Sadeniemi
PO Box 40
SF-02101 Espoo
Finland
sadeniemi@funet.fi
+358 0 457 2711
FAX: +358 0 457 2302
6.34. Iceland
ISnet
SRI thanks Marius Olafsson for this information about
ISnet.
ISnet is a collective term for the Icelandic segments
of the EUnet and NORDUnet. The network is run by the
Icelandic Association of Research Networks (SURIS).
The network operation is contracted to the University
of Iceland, Computing Services, where the network
equipment is located. ISnet is open to anyone that
signs the ISnet Acceptable Use document.
ISnet currently has approximately 50 nodes with more
than 800 hosts connected. These nodes are connected
via dial-up lines through UUCP; IP via leased lines; IP
via dialup lines and IP via X.25 and Ethernet.
Connection to NORDUnet and EUnet is via IP over 56 kbit
leased satellite link to the NORDUnet hub in Stockholm
using Cisco routers.
ISnet provides its members access to standard Internet
services, including mail (SMTP), Usenet, file transfer
(FTP), remote terminal (Telnet), access to publicly
available software and information via FTP and mail
based archive servers, access to library catalogues,
general information systems and many others. ISnet
also participates in the X.500 pilot project
(PARADISE).
ISnet does not have a fixed rate schedule, but
subscription fees are determined by the size of the
organization wishing to join, the type of access, and
the access speed.
For further information contact:
SURIS
co Marius Olafsson
Taeknigardi
Dunhaga 5
107 Reykjavik
ICELAND
+354 1 604747
isnet-info@isgate.is
6.35. Pacific Rim
PACCOM
In the Pacific, Australia, Japan, Korea, New Zealand,
Hong Kong, and Hawaii have forged a Pacific
Communications Network consortium called PACCOM. We
thank Torben Nielsen for this information about PACCOM.
Begun in 1989, PACCOM was conceived as a means to
develop a regional networking infrastructure in the
Pacific Region. The Pacific Rim nations realized they
needed Internet access. At the same time, awareness of
the need for international network connectivity to
serve science groups in the U.S. was also increasing.
PACCOM is intended to meet the need for connectivity to
scientific groups in the Pacific Region.
PACCOM consists of a variety of links, with bandwidths
ranging from 64 kbps to T1. Links have been installed
to Melbourne University in Australia, Keio University
in Japan, the University of Tokyo in Japan, the
University of Waikato in New Zealand, the Korea
Advanced Institute for Science and Technology (KAIST)
in Korea, and NASA Ames Research Center in the U.S.
The link to Australia connects to the Australian
Academic and Research Network (AARNet) and the link to
New Zealand connects to the New Zealand University
Network (NZUNINET) at the University of Waikato. Two
links to Japan have been established. One connects to
the University of Tokyo International Science Network
(TISN) at the University of Tokyo and the other to the
Widely Integrated Distributed Environment (WIDE) at
Keio University. Both links are in the Tokyo area, and
they are all interconnected within Japan.
The link to NASA Ames Research Center connects to an
interconnect network where the various agency networks
meet, and it provides connectivity to the agency
networks.
For more information about PACCOM contact:
Torben Nielsen
University of Hawaii
Department of ICS
2565 The Mall
Honolulu, HI 96822
U.S.A.
+1 808 949 6395
torben@foralie.ics.hawaii.edu
6.36. South Africa
UNINET-ZA: An Academic and Research Network in Southern
Africa
The mission of the UNINET project is the development,
implementation and promotion of an academic and
research network of computers in southern Africa, where
it is required as an essential element of the region's
research infrastructure. We thank Vic Shaw for this
information regarding networking in South Africa.
The UNINET project started late in 1987 as a result of
joint action by the Computer and Network Subcommittees
of the Committee of University Principals and the
Foundation for Research Development (FRD). The project
staff at the FRD gets collaborative support, both
academic and technical, from staff of the participating
organizations.
UNINET supports electronic mail, computer conferencing,
file transfer, newsfeeds, and remote login. Access to
overseas networks is now implemented via a TCP/IP link
to the Internet.
The UNINET project provides a focal point for the many
individual efforts that are being put into network
development among the participating organizations, as
well as for developing and managing a central
information base for the operation of the network. It
also operates an information and support service for
organizations participating in UNINET, as well as for
individual users of the network.
Participation in UNINET is on a voluntary basis and is
open to research organizations, tertiary institutions
and museums. Participation is formally effected by the
organization entering into an agreement with the FRD,
which covers matters such as costs and obligations of
each party.
The project is financed partly by participating fees
from participating organizations, partly from payment
for the use of specific data communication channels,
and partly from FRD funds.
The first point of approach for information on UNINET
should be the computing services section of the
interested person's organization.
Contact with the UNINET Office is possible by
electronic mail for persons on the network; the UNINET
office may also be reached by post, telephone, TELEX or
FAX.
The FRD contact persons and address are:
Manager: Mr. Vic Shaw
Technical Assistants:
Mrs. Gwen Heathfield
Miss Annemarie Marais
UNINET Project
Foundation for Research Development
P.O. Box 2600
Pretoria 0001
SOUTH AFRICA
uninet@frd.ac.za
+27 12 841 3542
+27 12 841 2597
FAX: +27 12 804 2679
TELEX: 321312 SA
6.37. Ireland
HEANET
SRI thanks Peter Flynn for this information about
HEANET.
HEANET is the Higher Education Authority Network. It
is the Irish academic network, and connects all seven
Universities via multiprotocol services (TCP/IP, OSI,
DECnet). There is a gateway to EARN/BITNET at the
University College Dublin, and a gateway to EUnet/UUCP
at Trinity College Dublin, as well as connections to
IXI and other international networks.
An experimental X.500 directory (Irish Elk) is
accessible by Telnet to Paradise (128.86.8.56, login
dua). There are moves towards a National Research
Network (NRN) which will eventually incorporate other
academic and research sites which are currently on
EARN/BITNET or EUNET/UUCP nodes.
For more information about HEANET, contact:
John Hayden
Chairman, HEANET Management Committee
Higher Education Authority
Fitzwilliam Square, Dublin
Ireland
jhayden@vax1.tcd.ie
+353 1 761545
FAX: +353 1 610492
6.38. United Kingdom
UKnet
A parallel activity to the development of the JANET IP
Service is the IP service offered by the UKnet
Backbone. UKnet has been the UK backbone of the
worldwide UUCP and USENET news services for more than
10 years. About half its customers are commercial
sites. The first site was linked in early March 1991
and more sites were added throughout the rest of the
year.
UKnet offers two IP services, firstly over 9.6 or 64
kbps leased lines and secondly over British Telecom
"PSS Plus" closed user group X.25 service. UKnet has
worked closely with JANET for many years and this
cooperation has continued with IP services. As a
direct result of this cooperation, UKnet and JANET IP
sites will be able to route datagrams to sites on each
other's networks.
For more details regarding UKnet write to:
Uknet Support Group
Computing Laboratory
University of Kent
Canterbury
Kent CT2 7NF
UNITED KINGDOM
PIPEX
A new service called PIPEX has recently been
established by Unipalm Ltd. in Cambridge, UK. PIPEX
access provider for the United Kingdom. PIPEX has no
"acceptable use" policy for its network limiting the
types of traffic that can be sent. PIPEX is the first
(CIX) (see 10.1.2 for more information about CIX).
PIPEX offers both network connections and dialup IP
services.
We thank Richard Nuttal for the information about
PIPEX. PIPEX offers a range of connection strategies
and prices.
There is an online PIPEX discussion list called
pipex-info@unipalm.co.uk; to join, send a message to
pipex-info-request@unipalm.co.uk. The list carries
announcements of new services and news of changes to
the network.
For more information about PIPEX:
PIPEX
Unipalm Ltd.
Area served: UK
Michael Howes (sales information)
Richard Nuttall (technical information)
+44 223 424616
pipex@unipalm.co.uk
FAX: +44 223 426868
Services: Network connections, dialup IP.
PC User Group CONNECT
SRI thanks Alan Jay for this information about CONNECT.
CONNECT is a multi-line Bulletin Board System (BBS)
provider offering dial-up e-mail services. The main
dial-in number is +44 0 81 863 6646. USENET News and
electronic mail services, both for individuals and
sites, are available, as is access to the Internet via
Telnet, FTP, and other services such as Internet Relay
Chat (IRC). The main node is based in the London area.
There is an annual charge for the service, with
discounts to members of the PC User Group. (Membership
in the User Group is not required to use the service.)
BBS services for third parties based on CONNECT's host
cluster are also provided. This service is affiliated
with the IBM PC User Group (IBMPCUG) in England.
For more information about CONNECT, contact:
Alan Jay
or
Matther Farwell
The IBM PC User Group
PO Box 360,
Harrow HA1 4LQ
ENGLAND
info@ibmpcug.co.uk
+44 0 81 863 1191
FAX: +44 0 81 863 6095
JANET
SRI thanks Bob Day for this information about JANET.
JANET (the Joint Academic NETwork)is a network in the
United Kingdom serving its academic community. It runs
several different protocols, including the TCP/IP
protocols used on the Internet. This latter service
(called the JANET IP Service, or JIPS) has only
recently been introduced and, although the majority of
Universities connected to JANET have opted for TCP/IP
access, not all of these have at the time of writing
finished the work necessary to be able to offer the
service. (See Section 6.38 for more information about
JIPS.)
Historically, JANET services have been based on X.25
and a set of protocols specific to the UK academic
community. Besides the introduction of services based
on TCP/IP, there are now some ISO services becoming
available. Because of the different protocols in use,
JANET supports a number of gateway services so that
users can interwork between the different protocols.
The most widely used of these is the electronic mail
gateway called nsfnet-relay.ac.uk. Many JANET sites
use this to send mail to the Internet, and to receive
mail from the Internet. With the advent of the TCP/IP
service some sites now mail direct to Internet systems
without the use of this gateway. However, Internet
users do not need to worry about this because JANET
operators make sure that the entries in the Domain Name
System (DNS) for all systems on JANET with mail access
are kept up to date, regardless of the protocols they
use. Consequently, the correct action is taken
a message.
File transfer and interactive login may be done
directly to many sites on JANET, if the site has TCP/IP
access. You can always check whether a site has such
access by seeing if the name of the system concerned is
known in the DNS. Note that users in the UK often
quote the names of systems the opposite way round from
those in the US. Thus, if you have been given a name
starting with uk.ac -- e.g. uk.ac.janet.news -- you
should type it as news.janet.ac.uk to FTP or to Telnet
to it. If the site where the system is located has
TCP/IP access, the name will be found in the DNS, and
you will be able to make an FTP or Telnet connection.
Where direct interactive login with Telnet is not
possible, a user on the Internet can make a Telnet
connection to a gateway called sun.nsf.ac.uk. When
connected, login with the standard username janet, no
password. You are then prompted to type the name of a
JANET host, in UK format (i.e. the opposite way round
from the US format, as explained above). The program
suggests the JANET NEWS host, uk.ac.janet.news, as a
starting point.
Where direct file transfer with FTP is not possible,
there is a file-transfer gateway called ft-relay.ac.uk
available. Currently this only offers a service be
used from within JANET, but an extension to allow users
on the Internet access is going to beta test at the
time of this writing. This will allow a FTP call to be
made to it, and files on JANET systems that do not have
TCP/IP access will be able to be accessed in this way.
In the meantime, there is also a guest FTP service
available on sun.nsf.ac.uk, but this is very
overloaded.
JANET hosts have information on network addresses,
gateways to other networks, instructions for electronic
mail, remote login, guides to mailing lists, document
collections, and user groups, as well as bulletin
boards for technical questions and employment
opportunities, libraries, and education projects.
There are also extensive files of news of
computing-related activities, including minutes of
meetings in all parts of the UK, as well as in Europe
and the US.
For more information about JANET, contact:
Joint Academic Network
JANET Liaison Desk
c/o Rutherford Appleton Laboratory
Chilton
Didcot
Oxon
OX11 OQX
United Kingdom
+44 235 44 5517
janet-liaison-desk@jnt.ac.uk
O=GB; ADMD= ; PRMD=uk.ac; O=jnt;
G=JANET-LIAISON-DESK;
The JANET IP Service (JIPS)
SRI thanks Dr. Bob Day for this information about the
JANET IP Service (JIPS).
JIPS is an IP carrier service which runs over the X.25
service provided by JANET. The JIPS has run as an
additional service over JANET since the beginning of
November 1991.
The JIPS is available to all sites connected to JANET,
although joining this additional service is optional.
To date approximately 60 of the 150 or so sites
connected to JANET have applied to join.
As a major IP network, the JIPS is connected to the
rest of the global Internet. In the UK it is connected
to UKNET, a public IP network run by GBnet Ltd and
subscribed to mainly by commercial organizations, and
it will be connected to PIPEX, a similar network
recently established by Unipalm Ltd. The JIPS is also
connected to many other European IP research networks
through the auspices of RIPE Finally, it is connected
to the NSFNET, and hence to the regional IP networks in
the USA. Connectivity to the Far East is also gained
through this route.
The JANET IP Service was introduced as one avenue to
provide JANET users with the services they need. An IP
service will increase international connectivity
because the predominant protocol set in the research
community outside the UK is IP. Many computer
manufacturers of interest to the research community are
currently providing their highest level of support for
IP protocols. Also, new application protocols often
become available first over IP networks.
Within JANET, there is a large ongoing commitment to
X.25. This de facto situation meant that there was a
choice at the JIPS planning stage of whether to run IP
over the X.25 infrastructure, or to use physical
multiplexing of the raw bandwidth to provide separate
channels for X.25 and IP, with each running alongside
each other. It was decided to use the technique of
encapsulating IP as data over a X.25 virtual circuit
(often referred to as "IP tunneling"). The advantages
of this were of cost savings, given the existing
infrastructure, and of the ability to get effective
dynamic bandwidth sharing, as all services running over
the X.25 carrier service could then compete on the
basis of demand.
The JIPS network is organized as a backbone of eight IP
routers, with one connected to each major X.25 switch
on the X.25 backbone. Thus the routers appear to be
fully interconnected to each other, via the X.25
network.
Of the 60 or so sites that have currently applied to
connect, approximately 40 are already connected. As a
consequence, traffic through the backbone IP routers is
now building up quickly. There is now of the order of
4 Gbytes traffic per day through the JIPS backbone
routers. Although not all of this is switched onto the
main JANET trunks, there is already a large component
due to international connectivity. For example, the IP
link to the NSFNET in the USA is now supporting over 1
Gbyte traffic per day.
The other notable trend is the growth of registrations
in the Domain Name System (DNS), that is, the set of
nameservers used in the IP community to perform
name-to-address mapping and some mail routing. The
number of registrations of end systems in the academic
community part of the namespace (the ac.uk domain) is
growing very quickly. It is also noticeable, however,
that the commercial side of IP networking (the co.uk
domain) is growing, albeit not at the same rate. This
latter is no doubt a reflection of the growing interest
in that community in connection to IP networks both to
interwork with the academic research community, and to
gain connectivity with other companies for more
directly commercial purposes.
For more information about JIPS, contact:
Dr. Bob Day
Joint Network Team
c/o Rutherford Appleton Laboratory
Chilton Didcot
Oxon OX11 0QX
United Kingdom
r.a.day@jnt.ac.uk
+44 235 44 5163
or
The JANET Liaison Desk
+44 235 5517
JANET-LIAISON-DESK@jnt.ac.uk
O=GB; ADMD= ; PRMD=uk.ac; O=jnt;
G=JANET-LIAISON-DESK;
6.39. U.S. Providers with International Connections
This section lists those providers based in the U.S.
who provide access to the Internet internationally.
When known, countries to which they currently have
connections are listed. Some NSFNET mid-level networks
are listed here because there is a node on the NSFNET
backbone at their sites to which an international site
is connected. For complete information regarding
NSFNET's international connections, contact the NSFNET
Network Service Center (NNSC) (see Section 10.5.2 for
contact information).
Advanced Network and Services, Inc. (ANS) and ANS CO+RE
info@ans.net
(800) 456 8267
+1 313 663 2482
Area Served: U.S. and International
Current international connections: Germany, Mexico
CERFnet
California Education and Research Federation
Network
help@cerf.net
800 876 2373
+1 619 455 3900
FAX: +1 619 455 3990
Area Served: California and International
Current international connections: Korea, Mexico,
Brazil
Compuserve Information System
sam@csi.compuserve.com
+1 614 457 8650
800 848 8990
Area Served: U.S. and International
Current international connections: Switzerland,
United Kingdom, Venezuela, Germany
Institute for Global Communications (IGC)
+1 415 442 0220
FAX: +1 415 546 1794
TELEX: 154205417
support@igc.apc.org
Area served: Worldwide
Services: Dialup e-mail; affiliated with PeaceNet,
EcoNet, and ConflictNet; member of the Association
for Progressive Communications (APC).
Current international connections: shares
resources with APC members in Australia, Brazil,
Canada, England, Germany, Nicaragua, Russia,
Sweden, and Uruguay.
JvNCnet
John von Neumann Center Network
Sergio F. Heker
Allison Pihl
800 358 4437
+1 609 258 2400
market@jvnc.net
Area Served: U.S. and International
Current international connections: Singapore,
Taiwan, Tokyo, Venezuela.
NorthWestNet
Northwestern States Network
Eric Hood
+1 206 562 3000
ehood@nwnet.net
Area Served: U.S. and International
Current international connections: Canada
NYSERnet
New York State Education and Research Network
Jim Luckett
+1 315 443 4120
info@nysernet.org
Area Served: New York State and International
Current international connections: Germany, Israel
Performance Systems International, Inc. (PSI)
+1 703 620 6651
800 827 7482
FAX: +1 703 620 4586
info@psi.com
Area Served: U.S. and International
Current international connections: PSI provides
connections to an extensive list of countries
depending upon the service requested.
Portal Communications, Inc.
+1 408 973 9111
cs@cup.portal.com
Services: Dialup e-mail. Area Served: San
Francisco, CA area, and International
Current international connections: Portal is
connected to the Public Data Networks (PDNs) of
over 70 foreign countries.
SESQUINET
Texas Sesquicentennial Network
Farrell Gerbode
+1 713 527 4988
farrell@rice.edu
Area Served: Texas and International
Current international connections: Mexico
SURAnet
Southeastern Universities Research Association
Network
Jack Hahn
+1 301 982 4600
hahn@sura.net
Area Served: Southeastern U.S. (Alabama, Florida,
Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Mississippi, North
Carolina, South Carolina, Tennessee, Virginia, and
West Virginia)
Current international connections: Puerto Rico
UUNET Technologies, Inc.
800 488 6384
+1 703 204 8000
info@uunet.uu.net
Area Served: US and International
Services: Network connections, dialup e-mail.
In addition to the above providers, the following two
providers concentrate on offering international
connections to the Internet.
Infolan George Abe
abe@infonet.com
+1 310 335 2600
FAX: +1 310 335 2876
Current international connections:
Europe, Canada, Hong Kong, Japan,
Singapore, and Australia.
Sprint NSFNET ICM
Spring NSFNET International Connections
Manager
Area Served: International
Robert Collet
+1 703 904 2230
rcollet@icm1.icp.net
Current international connections:
EBONE (Europe), Japan, France, UK.